MUNZSSInlD - usaid

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the quality of the local environment in which the pesticides will be used.
Treated crops will not be used for human or animal consumption unless
L;jr1cjriate Lolerances have been established by EPA or recommended by FAO/WHO,
and the rates and frequency of application, together with the prescribed
preharvest intervals, do not result in residues exceeding such tolerances.
This prohibition does not apply to the feeding of such crops to animals for
research purposes.
The majority of pest/pesticide management demands related to EXITOS will
be met by existing organizations in the region, and funded through other
existing projects such as RENARM. Consequently, and pursuant to the EA
Scoping Statement, the focus of this analysis is on "reviewing the pesticide
management capabilities of national and regional institutions; assessing their
reach in light of the demand for services; and recommending the best and most
appropriate mechanisms to ensure that a project referral system for
growers/exporters with pesticide problems is established during Project
implementation".
Pesticide Use Overview. Approximately 450 generic pesticides
the region,
are in use
with
in
over 1,000 commercial brands and close
small
to 2,000
marketing
large
outlets
and
involved in their trade. An estimated
of
52.3
commercial
million kg
pesticides were used in 1990. Some pesticides
still
banned
used,
by
although
EPA are
sporadically or in mixtures with other
DDT and
compounds,
chlordane.
e.g.
Restricted use pesticides available in
Paraquat,
the region
Parathion,
include
Carbofuran, Benlate, Aldrin,
EBDC's,
Captan,2,4-D,
PCNB, strychnine, 2 various
, 4 -STpentachloraphenol and others.
pesticides
In general,
are used on rice, traditional plantation export crops
coffee,
(bananas,
sugar, cotton), -nd on an increasing number
and
of
vegetable
non-traditional
crops. It
fruit
is generally agreed, however, that pesticide
the traditional
use on
CA corn and bean crops is very low and
it
it
will
is not
significantly
likely that
increase in the foreseeable future. During
implementation of PROEXAG, the greatest pesticide issues arising
association
in
with NTA crops was in Guatemala. The expansion
the
of
last
KTAE
5-10
crops
years
of
contributed to several important phytosanitary problems
(Table 5).
Complete data are presently unavailable on pesticide detentions
Central America,
from
i.e., on the per unit (shipment or volume)
basis
aO per
required
inspection
to analyze changes in detention levels
became
over
concerned
time. PROEXAG
about the issue of detentions in 1988-89, and related
both Guatemala
that in
and Costa Rica, there was a significant increase in
and
the
volume
number
of shipments of NTA exports to the U.S. from
increase
1989-1990
in value
(a 15%
in Guatemala and 19% in Costa Rica concurrent
in
with
price),
a decline
while pesticide detentions dropped during the
The
same
U.S.
period.
Food and Drug Administration observed 214 detentions
commodities
of >
in Central America during that time.
pesticide
Better information
regulations, on
economic losses incurred due to pesticide detentions,
and training by PROEXAG have increased grower/exporter awareness
strengthened
and
compliance with U.S. market and pesticide
region.
regulations
EXITOS will
in the
continue to support this process through provision of TA
and training.