Soil Survey of Sweet Grass County Area, Montana - Soil Data Mart

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328 Ross, C.P., Andrews, D.A., and I.J. Witkind. 1955. Geologic map of Montana. In cooperation with the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology. United States Geological Survey Geologic Map 1, scale 1:500,000. (microfiche) Sauerwein, W.J. 1979. Site index for black cottonwood. Compiled from British Columbia Forest Service data. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Western Region. Simons, F.S., T.J. Armbrustmacher, R.M. Van Noy, N.T. Zilka, F.E. Federspiel, and J. Ridenour. 1979. Mineral resources of the Beartooth Primitive Area and vicinity, Carbon, Park, Stillwater, and Sweet Grass Counties, Montana, and Park County, Wyoming. U.S. Geological Survey, Bulletin 1391-F. (Supersedes Open-file report 74-508.). Smith, D. 1983. Guidebook of the fold and thrust belt, west-central Montana. Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, Special Publication 86. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. Soil Survey Staff. 1998. Keys to soil taxonomy. 8th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Montana Field Office Technical Guide, Section II. (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/efotg/) United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry handbook, title 190. (http://soils.usda.gov/technical/nfhandbook/) United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. (http://soils.usda.gov/technical/handbook/) United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2003. National range and pasture handbook. (http://www.glti.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/publications/nrph.html)
329 Glossary Ablation till. Loose, permeable till deposited during the final downwasting of glacial ice. Lenses of crudely sorted sand and gravel are common. Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air from the atmosphere. The air in a well-aerated soil is similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen. Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods are aggregates produced by tillage or logging. Alkali (sodic) soil. (See Sodic (alkali) soil.) Alluvial fan. A body of alluvium, with overflow of water and debris flow deposits, whose surface forms a segment of a cone that radiates downslope from the point where the stream emerges from a narrow valley onto a less sloping surface. Source uplands range in relief and areal extent from mountains to gullied terrains on hillslopes. Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay, deposited on land by streams. Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl. A dye that when dissolved in 1N ammonium acetate is used to detect the presence of reduced iron (Fe II) in the soil. A positive reaction indicates a type of redox feature. Animal-unit-month (AUM). The amount of forage required by one mature cow of approximately 1,000 pounds weight, with or without a calf, for 1 month. Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness characterized by saturation, reduction, and redox features. Argillite. Weakly metamorphosed mudstone or shale. Aspect. The direction in which a slope faces. Association, soil. A group of soils or miscellaneous areas geographically associated in a characteristic repeating pattern and defined and delineated as a single map unit. Available water capacity (available moisture capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water available for use by most plants. It is commonly defined as the difference between the amount of soil water at field moisture capacity and the amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is expressed as: Very low ....................................................... 0 to 3.75 Low ........................................................... 3.75 to 5.0 Moderate .................................................... 5.0 to 7.5 High ..................................................... more than 7.5 Avalanche chute. The track or path formed by an avalanche. Backslope. The geomorphic component that forms the steepest inclined surface and principal element of many hillslopes. Backslopes in profile are commonly steep and linear and descend to a footslope. In terms of gradational process, backslopes are erosional forms produced mainly by mass wasting and running water. Badland. Steep or very steep, commonly nonstony, barren land dissected by many intermittent drainage channels. Badland is most common in semiarid and arid regions where streams are entrenched in soft geologic material. Local relief generally ranges from 25 to 500 feet. Runoff potential is very high, and geologic erosion is active. Basal area. The area of a cross section of a tree, generally referring to the section at breast height and measured outside the bark. It is a measure of stand density, commonly expressed in square feet. Basal till. Compact glacial till deposited beneath the ice. Base saturation. The degree to which material having cation-exchange properties is saturated with exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K), expressed as a percentage of the total cation-exchange capacity. Base slope. A geomorphic component of hills consisting of the concave to linear (perpendicular to the contour) slope that, regardless of the lateral shape, forms an apron or wedge at the bottom of a hillside dominated by colluvium and
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How to Use This Soil Survey Detaile
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iii Contents Part I How To Use This
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v Winkler Series...................
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vii 184D—Absarokee-Shambo loams,
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ix 274C—Work clay loam, 4 to 8 pe
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xi 371E—Whitlash cobbly sandy loa
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xiii 448B—Attewan loam, 0 to 4 pe
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xv 424E—Bridger, very stony-Adel
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xvii 359F—Fifer-Cheadle-Monaberg
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xix 369E—Rentsac-Tanna complex, 1
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xxi M-W—Water, miscellaneous ....
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xxv Foreword This soil survey conta
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2 Soil Survey The Lewis and Clark E
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4 Soil Survey 10,000 and 11,500 fee
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6 Soil Survey subsurface folding in
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8 Soil Survey interbeds. It is over
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10 Soil Survey Creek, approximately
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12 Soil Survey disappears during mi
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14 Soil Survey Temperature and Prec
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16 Growing Season (Recorded in the
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18 Soil Survey these organisms die,
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20 Soil Survey great group is ident
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22 Soil Survey firm, very sticky, v
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24 Soil Survey few very fine and fi
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26 Soil Survey moderate fine granul
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28 Soil Survey very friable, slight
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30 Soil Survey Range in Characteris
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32 Soil Survey Depth to the Cr hori
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34 Soil Survey Chroma: 2 to 4 Textu
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36 Soil Survey Texture (less than 2
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38 Soil Survey Clay content: 40 to
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40 Soil Survey Taxonomic Class: Fin
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42 Soil Survey Chroma: 1 or 2 Redox
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44 Soil Survey Chroma: 2 or 3 Textu
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48 Soil Survey Typical Pedon Cambet
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50 Soil Survey flagstones; slightly
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52 Soil Survey Cg2—30 to 34 inche
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54 Soil Survey prismatic structure
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56 Soil Survey Bt horizons Hue: 2.5
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60 Soil Survey sec. 24, T. 4 N., R.
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62 Soil Survey Oi—0 to 1 inch; sl
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64 Soil Survey Reed Point topograph
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66 Soil Survey Bk3 horizon Hue: 7.5
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68 Soil Survey lining pores; 10 per
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70 Soil Survey slightly plastic; ma
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72 Soil Survey moderate coarse pris
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74 Soil Survey subangular blocky st
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76 Soil Survey moderate medium and
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80 Soil Survey Bk1—12 to 19 inche
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82 Soil Survey Bw—11 to 19 inches
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84 Soil Survey Parent material: Cla
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86 Soil Survey brown (10YR 5/4) moi
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88 Soil Survey Chroma: 2 or 3 Textu
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90 Soil Survey A horizon Hue: 10YR
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94 Soil Survey Range in Characteris
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96 Soil Survey peds and lining pore
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98 Soil Survey slightly alkaline (p
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100 Soil Survey Calcium carbonate e
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102 Soil Survey Range in Characteri
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104 Soil Survey Landform: Fan and m
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106 Soil Survey Chroma: 2 or 3 Text
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108 Soil Survey Content of rock fra
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110 Soil Survey Cgk3—49 to 60 inc
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112 Soil Survey A2—7 to 13 inches
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114 Soil Survey medium subangular b
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116 Soil Survey very hard, firm, ve
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118 Soil Survey Reedwest Series Dep
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120 Soil Survey A—0 to 7 inches;
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122 Soil Survey Elevation range: 4,
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124 Soil Survey C horizon Hue: 10YR
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126 Soil Survey Texture (less than
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130 Soil Survey Mean annual air tem
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132 Soil Survey Typical Pedon Soapc
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136 Soil Survey moderately sticky,
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138 Soil Survey Bt2 horizon Hue: 7.
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140 Soil Survey A horizon Hue: 10YR
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142 Soil Survey Tibson Series Depth
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144 Soil Survey Oi—0 to 1 inch; s
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146 Soil Survey Bt1—5 to 11 inche
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148 Soil Survey Elevation range: 5,
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150 Soil Survey 2Bk—21 to 60 inch
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152 Soil Survey A—2 to 5 inches;
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154 Soil Survey Typical Pedon Weedz
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156 Soil Survey common fine to coar
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158 Soil Survey E1—4 to 12 inches
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160 Soil Survey Permeability: Moder
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162 Soil Survey Texture (less than
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173 Detailed Soil Map Units The map
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Sweet Grass County Area, Montana—
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Page 293 and 294: Sweet Grass County Area, Montana—
Page 343: 327 References Alexander, R.R., 196
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Soil Survey of Sweet Grass County Area, Montana - Soil Data Mart

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