Soil Survey of Sweet Grass County Area, Montana - Soil Data Mart

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Sweet Grass County Area, Montana—Part I 13 Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research. While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.
14 Soil Survey Temperature and Precipitation (Recorded in the period 1971 through 2000 at Big Timber and Melville) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Temperature (Degrees F) | Precipitation (Inches) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 Years in 10 | Average | | 2 years in 10 | Average | |Average|Average| | Will Have— | Number | | Will Have— | Number | Average Month | Daily | Daily | Average | | | of | Average | | | of Days | Total |Maximum|Minimum| | Maximum | Minimum | Growing-| | Less | More | With | Snowfall | | | |Temperature|Temperature| degree | | Than | Than | 0.10 or | | | | | More Than | Less Than | Days* | | | | More | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BIG TIMBER: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | January-----| 36.8 | 16.0 | 26.4 | 60 | -23 | 22 | 0.69 | 0.27 | 1.10 | 2 | 5.5 February----| 42.1 | 19.4 | 30.8 | 64 | -19 | 37 | 0.50 | 0.11 | 0.88 | 1 | 4.3 March-------| 49.6 | 24.6 | 37.1 | 72 | -11 | 84 | 0.93 | 0.46 | 1.32 | 3 | 4.6 April-------| 59.0 | 31.6 | 45.3 | 82 | 11 | 200 | 1.83 | 0.64 | 2.99 | 5 | 2.1 May---------| 68.2 | 39.5 | 53.9 | 89 | 25 | 431 | 2.87 | 1.63 | 3.88 | 6 | 0.2 June--------| 78.0 | 47.4 | 62.7 | 97 | 33 | 668 | 2.60 | 1.14 | 3.81 | 5 | 0.0 July--------| 86.2 | 52.2 | 69.2 | 101 | 40 | 891 | 1.54 | 0.55 | 2.39 | 3 | 0.0 August------| 85.5 | 50.9 | 68.2 | 99 | 37 | 855 | 1.25 | 0.38 | 2.14 | 3 | 0.1 September---| 74.0 | 41.4 | 57.7 | 94 | 24 | 531 | 1.28 | 0.53 | 1.98 | 3 | 0.5 October-----| 61.3 | 33.5 | 47.4 | 83 | 8 | 269 | 1.37 | 0.53 | 2.19 | 3 | 1.7 November----| 45.2 | 24.6 | 34.9 | 69 | -8 | 69 | 0.73 | 0.31 | 1.09 | 2 | 4.6 December----| 38.0 | 18.2 | 28.1 | 60 | -23 | 22 | 0.71 | 0.20 | 1.17 | 2 | 7.2 | | | | | | | | | | | Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | | Average---| 60.3 | 33.3 | 46.8 | ——— | ——— | ——— | ——— | ——— | ——— | ——— | ——— Extreme---| 104.0 | -38.0 | ——— | 101 | -28 | ——— | ——— | ——— | ——— | ——— | ——— Total-----| ——— | ——— | ——— | ——— | ——— | 4,080 | 16.29 |12.72 | 19.16 | 38 | 30.7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MELVILLE: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | January-----| 34.0 | 10.9 | 22.5 | 58 | -26 | 7 | 0.62 | 0.21 | 0.96 | 2 | 4.0 February----| 37.6 | 13.9 | 25.8 | 60 | -26 | 9 | 0.50 | 0.17 | 0.80 | 2 | 5.5 March-------| 42.7 | 19.2 | 31.0 | 65 | -16 | 24 | 1.18 | 0.61 | 1.69 | 3 | 11.5 April-------| 51.1 | 26.4 | 38.7 | 74 | 2 | 89 | 1.91 | 0.87 | 2.90 | 5 | 9.9 May---------| 60.0 | 34.8 | 47.4 | 80 | 19 | 248 | 2.84 | 1.47 | 4.14 | 6 | 0.7 June--------| 68.4 | 42.3 | 55.4 | 85 | 29 | 461 | 2.95 | 1.36 | 4.27 | 7 | 0.0 July--------| 75.6 | 47.2 | 61.4 | 90 | 34 | 664 | 2.14 | 0.82 | 3.27 | 5 | 0.0 August------| 75.5 | 46.4 | 61.0 | 88 | 32 | 650 | 1.64 | 0.69 | 2.49 | 4 | 0.0 September---| 65.8 | 38.2 | 52.0 | 86 | 18 | 375 | 1.39 | 0.48 | 2.31 | 3 | 1.9 October-----| 55.6 | 29.6 | 42.6 | 77 | 1 | 168 | 1.13 | 0.48 | 1.72 | 3 | 1.2 November----| 41.1 | 18.6 | 29.8 | 67 | -14 | 32 | 0.75 | 0.30 | 1.11 | 2 | 4.5 December----| 35.4 | 12.1 | 23.8 | 58 | -28 | 8 | 0.56 | 0.20 | 0.89 | 2 | 5.5 | | | | | | | | | | | Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | | Average---| 53.6 | 28.3 | 40.9 | ——— | ——— | ——— | ——— | ——— | ——— | ——— | ——— Extreme---| 93.0 | -45.0 | ——— | 90 | -34 | ——— | ——— | ——— | ——— | ——— | ——— Total-----| ——— | ——— | ——— | ——— | ——— | 2,736 | 17.60 |14.12 | 20.96 | 44 | 44.7 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | * A growing-degree day is a unit of heat available for plant growth. It can be calculated by adding the maximum and minimum daily temperatures, dividing the sum by 2, and subtracting the temperature below which growth is minimal for the principal crops in the area (40 degrees F).
Page 3 and 4: How to Use This Soil Survey Detaile
Page 5 and 6: iii Contents Part I How To Use This
Page 7 and 8: v Winkler Series...................
Page 9 and 10: vii 184D—Absarokee-Shambo loams,
Page 11 and 12: ix 274C—Work clay loam, 4 to 8 pe
Page 13 and 14: xi 371E—Whitlash cobbly sandy loa
Page 15 and 16: xiii 448B—Attewan loam, 0 to 4 pe
Page 17 and 18: xv 424E—Bridger, very stony-Adel
Page 19 and 20: xvii 359F—Fifer-Cheadle-Monaberg
Page 21 and 22: xix 369E—Rentsac-Tanna complex, 1
Page 23 and 24: xxi M-W—Water, miscellaneous ....
Page 25 and 26: xxv Foreword This soil survey conta
Page 27 and 28: 2 Soil Survey The Lewis and Clark E
Page 29 and 30: 4 Soil Survey 10,000 and 11,500 fee
Page 31 and 32: 6 Soil Survey subsurface folding in
Page 33 and 34: 8 Soil Survey interbeds. It is over
Page 35 and 36: 10 Soil Survey Creek, approximately
Page 37: 12 Soil Survey disappears during mi
Page 41 and 42: 16 Growing Season (Recorded in the
Page 43 and 44: 18 Soil Survey these organisms die,
Page 45 and 46: 20 Soil Survey great group is ident
Page 47 and 48: 22 Soil Survey firm, very sticky, v
Page 49 and 50: 24 Soil Survey few very fine and fi
Page 51 and 52: 26 Soil Survey moderate fine granul
Page 53 and 54: 28 Soil Survey very friable, slight
Page 55 and 56: 30 Soil Survey Range in Characteris
Page 57 and 58: 32 Soil Survey Depth to the Cr hori
Page 59 and 60: 34 Soil Survey Chroma: 2 to 4 Textu
Page 61 and 62: 36 Soil Survey Texture (less than 2
Page 63 and 64: 38 Soil Survey Clay content: 40 to
Page 65 and 66: 40 Soil Survey Taxonomic Class: Fin
Page 67 and 68: 42 Soil Survey Chroma: 1 or 2 Redox
Page 69 and 70: 44 Soil Survey Chroma: 2 or 3 Textu
Page 73 and 74: 48 Soil Survey Typical Pedon Cambet
Page 75 and 76: 50 Soil Survey flagstones; slightly
Page 77 and 78: 52 Soil Survey Cg2—30 to 34 inche
Page 79 and 80: 54 Soil Survey prismatic structure
Page 81 and 82: 56 Soil Survey Bt horizons Hue: 2.5
Page 85 and 86: 60 Soil Survey sec. 24, T. 4 N., R.
Page 87 and 88: 62 Soil Survey Oi—0 to 1 inch; sl
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64 Soil Survey Reed Point topograph
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66 Soil Survey Bk3 horizon Hue: 7.5
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68 Soil Survey lining pores; 10 per
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70 Soil Survey slightly plastic; ma
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72 Soil Survey moderate coarse pris
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74 Soil Survey subangular blocky st
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76 Soil Survey moderate medium and
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78 Soil Survey Clay content: 30 to
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80 Soil Survey Bk1—12 to 19 inche
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82 Soil Survey Bw—11 to 19 inches
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84 Soil Survey Parent material: Cla
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86 Soil Survey brown (10YR 5/4) moi
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88 Soil Survey Chroma: 2 or 3 Textu
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90 Soil Survey A horizon Hue: 10YR
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92 Soil Survey Texture (less than 2
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94 Soil Survey Range in Characteris
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96 Soil Survey peds and lining pore
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98 Soil Survey slightly alkaline (p
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100 Soil Survey Calcium carbonate e
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102 Soil Survey Range in Characteri
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104 Soil Survey Landform: Fan and m
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106 Soil Survey Chroma: 2 or 3 Text
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108 Soil Survey Content of rock fra
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110 Soil Survey Cgk3—49 to 60 inc
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112 Soil Survey A2—7 to 13 inches
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114 Soil Survey medium subangular b
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116 Soil Survey very hard, firm, ve
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118 Soil Survey Reedwest Series Dep
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120 Soil Survey A—0 to 7 inches;
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122 Soil Survey Elevation range: 4,
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124 Soil Survey C horizon Hue: 10YR
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126 Soil Survey Texture (less than
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130 Soil Survey Mean annual air tem
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132 Soil Survey Typical Pedon Soapc
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136 Soil Survey moderately sticky,
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138 Soil Survey Bt2 horizon Hue: 7.
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140 Soil Survey A horizon Hue: 10YR
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142 Soil Survey Tibson Series Depth
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144 Soil Survey Oi—0 to 1 inch; s
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146 Soil Survey Bt1—5 to 11 inche
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148 Soil Survey Elevation range: 5,
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150 Soil Survey 2Bk—21 to 60 inch
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152 Soil Survey A—2 to 5 inches;
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154 Soil Survey Typical Pedon Weedz
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156 Soil Survey common fine to coar
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158 Soil Survey E1—4 to 12 inches
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160 Soil Survey Permeability: Moder
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162 Soil Survey Texture (less than
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173 Detailed Soil Map Units The map
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Sweet Grass County Area, Montana—
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327 References Alexander, R.R., 196
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329 Glossary Ablation till. Loose,
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