PHYS07200604007 Manas Kumar Dala - Homi Bhabha National ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Experimental Techniques 32 Figure 2.5: Schematic diagram of the VUV source. Figure 2.6: Dimensional outline of the VUV source HIS 13. The viewport can be used for inspection of the discharge and for adjustment of the light spot position on the sample. The dimensions are in mm. Vacuum ultra-violet photon source (VUV source HIS 13) The high intensity VUV Source [14] HIS 13 can be operated with various discharge gases, such as helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon or hydrogen. But in our laboratory we use only helium and neon gases. The operation of the lamp is based on the principle of a cold cathode capillary discharge [15]. If an increasing potential is applied between the ends of an insulating tube filled with gas at a pressure of typically 1 mbar, a
Experimental Techniques 33 point will be reached when spontaneous breakthrough occurs leading to a continuous discharge. The ignition potential is about an order of magnitude higher than the operating potential necessary to maintain a continuous discharge. The schematic of the VUV source is shown in the Fig. 2.5. There is a windowless direct-sight connection between the discharge area and the target. The discharge current is electronically stabilised. The lamp is water cooled in order to allow for high discharge currents (up to 300 mA) and to reduce electrode degradation resulting in prolonged service intervals. The dimensional outline of the VUV source is shown in the Fig. 2.6 X-ray source (DAR 400) The X-ray source we used is DAR 400 from OMICRON designed specifically for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy [10]. It has twin anodes that allow either Mg Kα (1253.6 eV) or Al Kα (1486.6 eV) radiation to be selected. The schematic of the X-ray source is shown in Fig. 2.7. Figure 2.7: Schematic of the X-ray source in operation Electrons are extracted from a heated filament to bombard the selected surface of an anode at high positive potential. The focus ring and the shape of the nose cone ensure that the electrons hit the anode in the right area. By switching the filament
Page 1 and 2:
SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS OF THE
Page 3 and 4: iii To My Parents
Page 5 and 6: Maharana, P. Khare, D. K. Basa, K.
Page 7 and 8: List of Publications/Preprints [1]
Page 9 and 10: Synopsis The perovskite type mangan
Page 11 and 12: to the t 2g and e g spin-up states
Page 13 and 14: Bibliography [1] R. von Helmolt, J.
Page 15 and 16: Contents CERTIFICATE Acknowledgemen
Page 17 and 18: List of Figures 1.1 Temperature dep
Page 19 and 20: 2.2 Schematic view of the energetic
Page 21 and 22: 3.4 O K edge x-ray absorption spect
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Page 25 and 26: Introduction 3 The temperature and
Page 27 and 28: Introduction 5 Figure 1.2: Schemati
Page 29 and 30: Introduction 7 Figure 1.4: A schema
Page 31 and 32: Introduction 9 Figure 1.6: Schemati
Page 33 and 34: Introduction 11 Figure 1.8: Differe
Page 35 and 36: Introduction 13 Figure 1.10: A sche
Page 37 and 38: Introduction 15 Figure 1.12: Schema
Page 39 and 40: Introduction 17 Figure 1.13: Phase
Page 41 and 42: Bibliography [1] R. von Helmolt, J.
Page 43 and 44: Introduction 21 [31] Damien Saurel,
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 2 Experimental Techniques 2
Page 47 and 48: Experimental Techniques 25 Figure 2
Page 49 and 50: Experimental Techniques 27 Let us n
Page 51 and 52: Experimental Techniques 29 and G(k,
Page 53: Experimental Techniques 31 Figure 2
Page 57 and 58: Experimental Techniques 35 negative
Page 59 and 60: Experimental Techniques 37 ∆E = E
Page 63 and 64: Experimental Techniques 41 ( ) dσ
Page 65 and 66: Experimental Techniques 43 The expe
Page 67 and 68: Experimental Techniques 45 are weld
Page 77 and 78: Bibliography [1] H. Hertz, Ann. Phy
Page 79 and 80: Experimental Techniques 57 [35] K.
Page 81 and 82: Chapter 3 Electronic Structure of P
Page 83 and 84: Electronic Structure of Pr 0.67 Ca
Page 95 and 96: Bibliography [1] I. G. Deac, J. F.
Page 99 and 100: Chapter 4 Electronic Structure of P
Page 101 and 102: Electronic Structure of Pr 1−x Ca
Page 103 and 104: Electronic Structure of Pr 1−x Ca
Page 105 and 106:
Electronic Structure of Pr 1−x Ca
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Electronic Structure of Ca 0.86 Pr
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Bibliography [1] C. Zener, Phys. Re
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Summary and Conclusions 109 In this
show all

PHYS07200604007 Manas Kumar Dala - Homi Bhabha National ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?