PHYS07200604007 Manas Kumar Dala - Homi Bhabha National ...

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Experimental Techniques 42 Figure 2.11: (a) IPES spectrometer at UGC-DAE consortium for scientific research, Indore, (b) External view of photon detector attached to the IPES chamber, and (c) Inside view of the chamber showing a rotatable (left) and fixed (right) electron gun and the sample holder
Experimental Techniques 43 The experimental UHV chamber is made of µ metal which provides effective shielding for the low energy electrons from earth’s magnetic field and stray magnetic fields. A photon detector capable of detecting fixed energy photons with well defined narrow bandpass and an electron gun producing nearly monoenergetic low energy electrons with well defined angular spread are equipped in the UHV chamber. A sample manipulator is mounted vertically which allow to move the sample both along axial and azimuthal direction. The low energy electron gun (e-gun) The e-gun used for the experiment is of Stoffel Johnson type [30] is shown schematically in Fig. 2.12. This is chosen because it has less space-charge effect and high beam current. Figure 2.12: A schematic diagram of the electron gun [30]. In this type of e-gun the minimum beam size obtained is 1.1 mm with full angular convergence of 5 ◦ to 7 ◦ . It consists of a filament in a mounting block followed by three element refocusing lens. All the lens elements are with cylindrical cross-section. In the design (Fig.) L = D = 16mm, P = 1.3D and Q = 2.5D. Ratio of voltages applied on the cathode and the subsequent electrostatic lens elements is V C : V A : V F : V O = −1 : +5 : −0.9 : 0. The Kinetic energy of emitting electrons is governed by V C . The whole surface of the lenses is gold plated to obtain a uniform work function. BaO dispenser cathode is used as the electron emitter. The e-gun operates in the range of 5 − 40 eV.
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SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS OF THE
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iii To My Parents
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Maharana, P. Khare, D. K. Basa, K.
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List of Publications/Preprints [1]
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Synopsis The perovskite type mangan
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to the t 2g and e g spin-up states
Page 13 and 14: Bibliography [1] R. von Helmolt, J.
Page 15 and 16: Contents CERTIFICATE Acknowledgemen
Page 17 and 18: List of Figures 1.1 Temperature dep
Page 19 and 20: 2.2 Schematic view of the energetic
Page 21 and 22: 3.4 O K edge x-ray absorption spect
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Page 25 and 26: Introduction 3 The temperature and
Page 27 and 28: Introduction 5 Figure 1.2: Schemati
Page 29 and 30: Introduction 7 Figure 1.4: A schema
Page 31 and 32: Introduction 9 Figure 1.6: Schemati
Page 33 and 34: Introduction 11 Figure 1.8: Differe
Page 35 and 36: Introduction 13 Figure 1.10: A sche
Page 37 and 38: Introduction 15 Figure 1.12: Schema
Page 39 and 40: Introduction 17 Figure 1.13: Phase
Page 41 and 42: Bibliography [1] R. von Helmolt, J.
Page 43 and 44: Introduction 21 [31] Damien Saurel,
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 2 Experimental Techniques 2
Page 47 and 48: Experimental Techniques 25 Figure 2
Page 49 and 50: Experimental Techniques 27 Let us n
Page 51 and 52: Experimental Techniques 29 and G(k,
Page 55 and 56: Experimental Techniques 33 point wi
Page 57 and 58: Experimental Techniques 35 negative
Page 59 and 60: Experimental Techniques 37 ∆E = E
Page 63: Experimental Techniques 41 ( ) dσ
Page 67 and 68: Experimental Techniques 45 are weld
Page 77 and 78: Bibliography [1] H. Hertz, Ann. Phy
Page 79 and 80: Experimental Techniques 57 [35] K.
Page 81 and 82: Chapter 3 Electronic Structure of P
Page 83 and 84: Electronic Structure of Pr 0.67 Ca
Page 95 and 96: Bibliography [1] I. G. Deac, J. F.
Page 99 and 100: Chapter 4 Electronic Structure of P
Page 101 and 102: Electronic Structure of Pr 1−x Ca
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Electronic Structure of Pr 1−x Ca
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Electronic Structure of Pr 1−x Ca
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Electronic Structure of Ca 0.86 Pr
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Bibliography [1] C. Zener, Phys. Re
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Summary and Conclusions 109 In this
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