Determinants of Emotional Experiences in Traffic Situations ... - OPUS

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The Emotional Spectrum in Traffic Situation 58! 2.3.2.2.3 Testing H3 In goal promoting situations positive emotions are more intense than in goal blocking situations. In the first study even the outcomes of goal promoting situations tended to be (slightly) negative due to the low contrast between promoted and blocked goals (every situation had at least one negative aspect). The newly designed goal congruent situations generated entirely positive outcomes, and so five emotions (happiness, satisfaction, amusement, relief and hope) could be analysed. In order to reduce the complexity of the analysis, the first three emotions were combined. The mean correlation between them over the course of the sixteen scenarios was r = .41 (p < .001) with a range of r = .28 to .57 and a Cronbach’s-Alpha at α = .68. Therefore grand means and standard deviations for emotional intensity were calculated, labelled as a “feel-good” construct of emotion and used for in-depth analysis (Figure 9 and table 10). Naturally, those positive emotions were only present in goal-promoting ! situations (F (1, 186) = 404.87; p < .001; η ! = .69) Furthermore, the blame factor affected the occurrence of those emotions: The intensities of positive emotions were highest if the (positive) change in the situation was because of the generic circumstances (e.g. perfect road conditions on a highway or avoiding a traffic jam) (M = 1.43, SD = 1.70) and lowest if the participant actively influenced the goal achievement of other drivers (e.g. due to considerate driving) (M = 0.40, SD = 0.67). This constituted the only interaction effect for this emotional cluster (F (3, 558) = 296.04; ! p < .001; η ! = .62) (Figure 9). The same pattern of influence for situational variables could be observed for the emotion relief. The means were highest in goal promoting situations with no specific persons involved (circumstanceblame) (F (3, 558) = 171.21; p < .001; η ! = .48) with M = 2.57 (SD = 2.11) and M = 1.49 (SD = 1.98), ! respectively (Figure 10). Furthermore, the higher mean in the arrival context (avoiding a traffic jam) compared to the safety context (perfect road conditions) constituted a three-way interaction (F (3, 558) = 29.91; p < .001; η ! ! = .14). The emotion of hope was only influenced by the blame factor (F (3, 558) = 55.50; p < .001; ! η ! = .23), with higher reported means in circumstance-blame situations (M = 0.38; SD = 1.05) compared to all other variations of blame (M = 0.03; SD = 0.22) (Figure 11).
59 The Emotional Spectrum in Traffic Situation 5" 4" 3" 2" 1" 0" O" P-O" P-P" C" O" P-O" P-P" C" O" P-O" P-P" C" O" P-O" P-P" C" Arrival" Safety" Arrival" Safety" Goals blocked" Goals promoted" O = Other-blame; P-O = Participant influences goal achievement of others; P-P = Participant influences own goal achievement; C = Circumstance-blame; y-axis: intensity of “feeling good” emotions Figure 9: Situational properties and overall positive emotions in study 2 5" 4" 3" 2" 1" 0" O" P-O" P-P" C" O" P-O" P-P" C" O" P-O" P-P" C" O" P-O" P-P" C" Arrival" Safety" Arrival" Safety" Goals blocked" Goals promoted" O = Other-blame; P-O = Participant influences goal achievement of others; P-P = Participant influences own goal achievement; C = Circumstance-blame; y-axis: intensity of relief Figure 10: Situational properties and relief intensities in study 2 5" 4" 3" 2" 1" 0" O" P-O" P-P" C" O" P-O" P-P" C" O" P-O" P-P" C" O" P-O" P-P" C" Arrival" Safety" Arrival" Safety" Goals blocked" Goals promoted" O = Other-blame; P-O = Participant influences goal achievement of others; P-P = Participant influences own goal achievement; C = Circumstance-blame; y-axis: intensity of hope Figure 11: Situational properties and hope intensities in study 2 !
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Determinants of Emotional Experienc
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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Abstract Emotions play a prominent
Page 7 and 8: 2.3.2.2.5 Testing H5 ..............
Page 9 and 10: List of Tables Chapter 2: The Emoti
Page 11 and 12: Introduction 11 1. Introduction 1.1
Page 13 and 14: Introduction 13 (Deffenbacher et al
Page 15 and 16: Introduction 15 emotions varies vas
Page 17 and 18: Introduction 17 Therefore, a precis
Page 19 and 20: Introduction 19 On the behavioural
Page 21 and 22: Introduction 21 A coherent model of
Page 23 and 24: Introduction 23 Chliaoutakis, J.E.,
Page 25 and 26: Introduction 25 Giegling, I., Hartm
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127 General Conclusion impact is si
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