Module 9: Control Techniques - International Association of Fire ...

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IAFF Training for Hazardous Materials: Technician© Student Text • Vapor dispersion consists of moving gas/vapor to another area or diluting its concentration in air to reduce its hazardous effects. Fire fighters are taught that a large caliber fog stream can move great amounts of air via hydraulic ventilation. This same principal can be applied to gas/vapor releases. Remember that this method will only move the hazard to another area or reduce its concentration, and that may be all that is necessary to protect the endangered area. When fog streams are used on water soluble gases/vapors, the product itself may be absorbed by the water. This may cause a residual hazardous, evaporating solution; but again, it may be necessary for the protection of an area. Containment Containment usually refers to stopping or slowing a leak from a container. It can also refer to chemically changing a hazardous material to another, less hazardous material to reduce its dangerous properties. Containment Techniques and Equipment Containment activities usually involve contact with a hazardous product and requires that attention be given to proper PPE/CPC selection and decontamination. • Neutralization involves adding a different chemical to the spilled chemical to reduce or eliminate the hazards. This method is mainly used with corrosives. This technique produces—in addition to the two original chemicals—a chemical reaction from the neutralization process, and a new, neutralized product. To select the proper PPE, you must research the original chemical, the neutralizing chemical, and resultant chemical. Neutralization is not always an effective way to mitigate a spill and can create more problems than it solves. It can also be extremely dangerous. Neutralization should only be attempted by experienced teams with appropriate equipment and training. Obtain outside resources to ensure a safe process. • Overpacking is the process of putting the damaged container and its contents into an undamaged container. 9-18 Module 9: Control Techniques
Student Text IAFF Training for Hazardous Materials: Technician© Overpack containers are typically 85-gallon plastic or metal drums with sealable tops. Overpacking is typically used with leaking 55-gallon drums, but can also be used for smaller containers such as jars, pails, carboys, bags, and bottles. Overpacking is also used to store used absorbents. When using an overpack container, be sure to: • Use a drum made of material that is compatible with the hazardous substance. • Use a drum large enough to contain the leaking container and any spilled product. • Label the container with the name of the spilled product and the words “Salvage Drum.” • Avoid placing too much product in the overpack drum, which could cause overpressurization and leaks. Pressure containers can be overpacked with specialized overpack devices. These devices are extremely expensive and not usually carried by response agencies. • Plugging is placing an object into an opening on a container, whether it is an engineered opening (e.g., valve stem) or a stress related breach (e.g., puncture, rip, tear). Plugging devices can be made on-scene or commercially purchased. Items used are wooden wedges, dowels, and tapered cones, expandable rubber stoppers, pneumatic operated neoprene plugs, screwlike devices—almost anything that is resistant to the chemical and can be tightly fitted into the opening. Pneumatic plugs ranging in size from a few inches to over three feet are available for large holes or pipe breaches. Module 9: Control Techniques 9-19
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