SEXUAL HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS A legal and ... - The ICHRP
SEXUAL HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS A legal and ... - The ICHRP
SEXUAL HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS A legal and ... - The ICHRP
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TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />
THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON <strong>HUMAN</strong> <strong>RIGHTS</strong> POLICY ........ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT<br />
DEFINED.<br />
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................................................... 4<br />
ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................... 5<br />
A. BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................................... 6<br />
WHO’S PROJECT ON <strong>SEXUAL</strong> <strong>HEALTH</strong> <strong>AND</strong> <strong>HUMAN</strong> <strong>RIGHTS</strong> ............................................................................... 6<br />
THE SEARO REGION <strong>AND</strong> COUNTRY SELECTION ................................................................................................. 9<br />
THE RESEARCH COUNTRIES <strong>AND</strong> <strong>HUMAN</strong> <strong>RIGHTS</strong> LAW .......................................................................................... 9<br />
B. METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................................... 11<br />
1. NON-DISCRIMINATION ....................................................................................................................... 14<br />
1.1 NON- DISCRIMINATION BASED ON SEX ............................................................................................... 16<br />
1.2 NON -DISCRIMINATION BASED ON <strong>SEXUAL</strong> ORIENTATION ................................................................. 21<br />
1.3 NON-DISCRIMINATION BASED ON GENDER IDENTITY ......................................................................... 26<br />
1.4 NON-DISCRIMINATION BASED ON HIV STATUS <strong>AND</strong> M<strong>AND</strong>ATORY HIV TESTING.............................. 27<br />
1.5 <strong>SEXUAL</strong> HARASSMENT .............................................................................................................................. 34<br />
1.6 ACCESS TO ADOPTION (SAME SEX COUPLES, SINGLE PERSONS)....................................................... 41<br />
1.7 ACCESS TO IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF)/ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES (ART).... 43<br />
1.8 SAME-SEX MARRIAGE .......................................................................................................................... 44<br />
2. PENALIZATION <strong>AND</strong> / OR REGULATION OF <strong>SEXUAL</strong>ITY / <strong>SEXUAL</strong> ACTIVITIES ............. 46<br />
2.1 (DE)CRIMINALIZATION OF SAME- SEX <strong>SEXUAL</strong> CONDUCT .................................................................. 49<br />
2.2 CRIMINALIZATION OF (INTENTIONAL) TRANSMISSION OF HIV ......................................................... 51<br />
2.3 AGE OF CONSENT/STATUTORY RAPE ................................................................................................... 52<br />
2.4 (DE)CRIMINALIZATION OF SEX OUTSIDE MARRIAGE .......................................................................... 54<br />
3. STATE REGULATION OF MARRIAGE <strong>AND</strong> FAMILY AS IT IS RELEVANT TO <strong>SEXUAL</strong>ITY<br />
<strong>AND</strong> <strong>SEXUAL</strong> <strong>HEALTH</strong> .................................................................................................................................. 56<br />
3.1 EQUALITY IN MARRIAGE ..................................................................................................................... 59<br />
3.2 CONSENT FOR MARRIAGE .................................................................................................................... 67<br />
3.3 INCEST .................................................................................................................................................. 71<br />
3.4 PLURAL MARRIAGE ............................................................................................................................. 72<br />
3.5 RESTITUTION OF CONJUGAL <strong>RIGHTS</strong> ................................................................................................. 74<br />
3.6 VIRGINITY TESTING/OTHER FORMS OF TESTING CONDITIONS PLACED ON MARRIAGE (E.G.<br />
HIV/STIS) .......................................................................................................................................................... 76<br />
4. GENDER IDENTITY/EXPRESSION AS IT IS RELEVANT TO <strong>SEXUAL</strong>ITY <strong>AND</strong> <strong>SEXUAL</strong><br />
<strong>HEALTH</strong> ............................................................................................................................................................. 78<br />
4.1 CIVIL STATUS REGISTRATION/NAMES ................................................................................................. 81<br />
4.2 TRANSGENDER ..................................................................................................................................... 81<br />
4.3 MEDICAL/<strong>HEALTH</strong> SERVICES (INCLUDING INSURANCE COVERAGE) .................................................. 82<br />
5. VIOLENCE ............................................................................................................................................... 84<br />
5.1 DOMESTIC/INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE ......................................................................................... 86<br />
5.2 <strong>SEXUAL</strong> VIOLENCE: RAPE .................................................................................................................. 101<br />
5.3 <strong>SEXUAL</strong> VIOLENCE: MARITAL RAPE ................................................................................................ 107<br />
5.4 <strong>SEXUAL</strong> VIOLENCE: CUSTODIAL RAPE ............................................................................................. 110<br />
5.5 <strong>SEXUAL</strong> VIOLENCE: CHILD <strong>SEXUAL</strong> ABUSE ..................................................................................... 111<br />
5.6 <strong>SEXUAL</strong> VIOLENCE NOT AMOUNTING TO RAPE ................................................................................. 114<br />
5.7 HATE CRIMES (BOTH STATE SANCTIONED <strong>AND</strong> STATE EXCUSED) .................................................... 116<br />
5.8 HONOUR CRIMES................................................................................................................................ 119<br />
5.9 <strong>SEXUAL</strong> EXPLOITATION (INCLUDING TRAFFICKING, OF MINORS) .................................................... 120<br />
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