Report - ICP Forests

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66 3. Intensive Monitoring 0 - 20 cm sampling depth n = 53 pH class frequency 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 year >7 >6 pH 5 pH 4 pH 6 pH 5 pH 4 pH 6 pH 5 pH 4 pH 6 pH 5 pH 4 pH
3. Intensive Monitoring 67 3.3.4 Conclusions and Outlook The improved quality of the soil solution data base allowed for a first comprehensive, descriptive analysis of the submitted transnational data. The presented results underline that acidified soils still are a phytotoxic risk for plants role across Europe, as at about half of the presented plots critical limits for BC/Al ratio are exceeded. For 40.2% of the samplers the critical limit was exceeded in more than 5% of the measurements. The situation appears stable as consistent, significant trends neither towards improvement nor deterioration were detected for BC/Al ratio nor pH. A process of increasing or decreasing soil acidification would be indicated by a change in pH and/ or BC/Al ratios. However, this study showed that these parameters remained mainly unchanged, indicating that soil acidification was not "visible" on this time scale. It has to be taken into account that plot selection in the countries follows national preferences and the selection of plots for this study was solely driven by data availability. Therefore this study summarizes a number of case studies and is not representative for Europe. As soil solution chemistry is the product of a variety of processes like weathering, deposition, plant nutrient uptake, lateral and vertical soil water movement and leaching it is highly variable in time and space. However, for the assessment of the risk regarding chemical stress for roots and hinderances of nutrient uptake it is the most feasible indicator. The fact that in more than one third of the samplers the critical limit is exceeded in more than 5% of the measurements is still a matter of concern. Future evaluations of the available soil solution data will focus on relations between element concentrations and effect parameters. Soil chemical properties will need to be related to soil solution chemistry. Within ICP Forests soil solution element concentrations can be used for nutrient budget and flux calculation after the establishment of water flux models for Level II plots. Decisive for the critical loads is the definition of the chemical threshold for the used indicator “root”. Critical loads for acidity use the BC/Al ratio according to Sverdrup and Warfvinge (1993), which has a close relation to the root functioning and nutrient uptake. The BC/Al ratio refers to the total concentrations of aluminum in the soil solution, were it occurs partly in lowtoxic organic complexes, esp. in the upper soil layer. Thus the concentration of inorganic Al is better suited to estimate Al-toxicity in the soil water compared to total Al. Consequently, submission of inorganic Al data, which is an optional variable in the ICP Forests manual would certainly allow for a better estimation of Al-toxicity on Level II Plots. For a number of plots soil solution data still needs further quality assessment in order to include more data and parameters in future data evaluation. For the monitoring year 2007, improved data quality and availability can be expected as consultation with submitting countries and data quality assessment during 2009 has in part contributed to the development of a new data submission module. 3.3.5 References Anonymous (2004): Manual on methods and criteria for harmonised sampling, assessment, monitoring and analysis of the effects of air pollution on forests. (www.icp-forests.org). Augustin, .S, Bolte, A., Holzhausen, M. and Wolff, B. (2005): Exceedance of critical loads of nitrogen and sulphur and its relation to forest conditions. European Journal of Forest Research 124, 289 - 300.
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W O R K R E P O R T Institute for W
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United Nations Economic Commission
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4.18 REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA ..........
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8 Preface
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10 Summary Ground vegetation was an
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12 1. Introduction
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14 2. Large Scale Crown Condition S
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Page 94 and 95: 94 Annex soil organic layer soil mi
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116 4. National Survey Reports in 2
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122 Annex Annex I-1 Broadleaves and
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124 Annex Observed trees Observed p
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126 Annex Annex I-3 Percentage of t
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128 Annex Annex I-5 Changes in mean
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130 Annex Period 1998 - 2009 Year M
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132 Annex Annex II National Surveys
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134 Annex Annex II-2 Percent of tre
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136 Annex Annex II-4 Percent of bro
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138 Annex Annex II-6 Percent of dam
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140 Annex Annex II-8 Changes in def
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142 Annex 100 Croatia all species c
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144 Annex 100 France * all species
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146 Annex 100 Latvia all species co
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148 Annex 100 The Netherlands all s
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150 Annex 100 Serbia all species co
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152 Annex 100 Turkey all species co
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154 Annex Annex IV Testing statisti
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156 Annex 2. Expert Panels, WG and
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158 Annex Expert Panel on Crown Con
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160 Annex FFCC FSCC Bundesforschung
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162 Annex BELGIUM Tel. +32 54 43 71
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164 Annex DENMARK Phone: +45 39 47
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166 Annex 1055 BUDAPEST HUNGARY Pho
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168 Annex Republic of Moldova (Min)
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170 Annex SERBIA Phone: +381 11 3 5
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172 Annex Ukraine (NFC) (Min) Unite
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174 Annex
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