improving music mood classification using lyrics, audio and social tags

7.4.5 Top Lyric Features in “Calm”
“Calm,” which sits in the bottom-left quadrant and has the lowest arousal of any category in
Figure 5.2, is the only mood category where audio features were significantly better than all lyric
feature types. It is useful to compare the top lyric features in this category to those in categories
where lyric features outperformed audio features. Top-ranked words and stylistics from various
lyric feature types in “calm” are shown in Table 7.10.
Table 7.10 Top lyric features in “calm” category
Content GI-lex Affect-lex ANEW Stylistic
you all look float list Std of Dominance std stdRepeatWordRatioPer
all look eager moral Average Arousal std Line
all look at irish saviour Average Dominance score repeatWordRatio
you all i appreciate satan Std of Dominance scores avgRepeatWordRatioPer
burning kindness collar Average Valence std Line
that is selfish pup Std of Valence std repeatLineRatio
you d convince splash Std of Arousal std interjection word: “hey”
control foolish clams Std of Arousal scores uniqWordsPerLine
boy island blooming Average Arousal score numberOfLinesPerMin
that s curious nimble Average Dominance std blankLineRatio
all i thursday disgusting Average Valence score interjection word: “ooh”
believe in pie introduce Std of Valence scores avgLineLength
be free melt amazing interjection word: “ah”
speak couple arrangement punctuation mark: “!”
blind team mercifully interjection word: “yo”
beautiful doorway soaked
the sea lowly abide
As Table 7.10 indicates, top-ranked lyric words from the content words, GI-lex and Affectlex
feature types do not present much in the way of obvious semantic connections with the
category “calm” (e.g., “satan”). Category “calm” has the lowest arousal value among all
categories shown in Figure 5.2, but the top ANEW features in Table 7.10 include more valence
and dominance scores. This may be the reason that ANEW features performed badly on “calm.”
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