The Challenges of Growing Small Businesses - International Labour ...

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I wish to express thanks to colleagues in ILO offices in Addis Ababa, Dar es Salaam and Lusaka for their support for this work. In addition, I thank Ms. Christine Vuilleumier for her support in finalizing this report, and Ms. Grania Mackie for considerable assistance provided during the research process. Gerry Finnegan Director a.i. SEED Programme iv
Table of contents Foreword ........................................................................................................................................ iii Executive summary ........................................................................................................................ ix Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... x Acronyms ....................................................................................................................................... xi The Gender lexicon ....................................................................................................................... xv 1. Introduction and background ................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Aims and objectives.................................................................................................... 3 1.3 The Study approach .................................................................................................... 3 1.3.1 The Team of researchers .................................................................................. 4 1.3.2 The Programme of Work.................................................................................. 4 1.3.3 The Conceptual framework .............................................................................. 6 1.3.4 Study definitions............................................................................................... 9 1.4 The Structure of the report........................................................................................ 13 2. Perspectives on women’s enterprise in some African countries ......................................... 14 2.1 A partial picture? ...................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Profiling the women entrepreneurs and their assets for business ............................. 16 2.3 Women’s enterprises and their experiences of business ownership ......................... 18 2.4 Women’s use of Business Support Services............................................................. 22 2.4.1 Awareness and experience of Business Support Services.............................. 22 2.4.2 Business networks/associations...................................................................... 23 2.5 The enabling environment for women’s enterprise .................................................. 24 2.5.1 Equality legislation......................................................................................... 24 2.5.2 Implementation of business legislation .......................................................... 25 2.6 The socio-cultural and economic context for women’s entrepreneurship ................ 26 2.7 Summary................................................................................................................... 28 3. Jobs, gender and enterprise in Africa – the primary research ............................................. 29 3.1 The research agenda.................................................................................................. 29 3.2 The research approach and methodology challenges................................................ 30 3.2.1 The approach .................................................................................................. 30 3.2.2 Sample selection............................................................................................. 30 3.2.3 Sample identification...................................................................................... 31 4. Profiles of women entrepreneurs in some African countries .............................................. 33 4.1 The women entrepreneurs and their assets for business ........................................... 33 4.1.1 Age profile...................................................................................................... 33 4.1.2 Education........................................................................................................ 33 v
Page 1 and 2: SEED Working Paper No. 47 Series on
Page 3: Foreword The ILO’s Programme on B
Page 7 and 8: 5.2.2 Abilities, skills, and experi
Page 9 and 10: Executive summary This report provi
Page 11 and 12: Acronyms AEMFI BDS CSA CSO COMESA E
Page 13 and 14: WED WED Study WEDAZ WEPC WEDGE ZCSM
Page 15 and 16: The Gender lexicon Gender was taken
Page 17 and 18: 1. Introduction and background 1.1
Page 19 and 20: 1.2 Aims and objectives In associat
Page 21 and 22: Phase Two (July-Oct 2002) Workshop
Page 23 and 24: • The Enterprise Level, as relate
Page 25 and 26: • The Enabling Environment for En
Page 27 and 28: (ii) Degree of Formality Another ch
Page 29 and 30: 1.4 The Structure of the report Thi
Page 31 and 32: The lack of up-to-date and comprehe
Page 33 and 34: employees, marketing and resources,
Page 35 and 36: eluctant to make legal agreements w
Page 37 and 38: Most of the existing research would
Page 39 and 40: promotional activities, may be ques
Page 41 and 42: Tanzania, the Women and Gender Deve
Page 43 and 44: Throughout the preliminary reports,
Page 45 and 46: 3. Jobs, gender and enterprise in A
Page 47 and 48: • In Tanzania, there was a greate
Page 49 and 50: 4. Profiles of women entrepreneurs
Page 51 and 52: networking skills for business. Ind
Page 53 and 54: Table 6: The primary reasons given
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Table 7: Type of business by sector
Page 57 and 58:
This reliance on personal sources o
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and JUDAI, 2002). The WED Study fin
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4.4.2 Why formalize? The women entr
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Table 13: Forms of business develop
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employment practices, signs of impr
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Table 16: Number of employees at st
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premises, and this factor constrain
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cent of women able to name credit a
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oth. Those who were members were po
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their time is already constrained b
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In Tanzania the research acknowledg
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Figure 12: Ingredients for a succes
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men business owners surrounding the
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and also help to diversify risks; a
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(iii) Attitudes to collateral One m
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egulations. There is no recognized
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6. Key recommendations from the Nat
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oadly similar in nature and focus,
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appropriate services that are desig
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- Are sometimes regarded as “mino
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addressed effectively with positive
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Abdulahi, Hayat (1997): “Constrai
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Economic Commission for Africa (ECA
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Hulme, D. and Mosley P. (1998): Mic
Page 106 and 107:
Maliyamkono, T. L. and Bagachwa, M.
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Oyhus, A. O. (1999): “The importa
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Temu, S. S. (1997): Financing and I
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Wangwe, S.M. (1993): “Small and m
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Identify ways in which Governments,
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Elements impacting on successful mi
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1.3 The research approach The WED S
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Market access and developing BDS (a
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III. IV. Special efforts should be
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II. III. IV. Women entrepreneurs an
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110 V. As women experience particul
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Access to resources and finance (a)
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114
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22. “Ajuste Local à Globalizaç
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59. “Facilitating Youth Entrepren
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