The Challenges of Growing Small Businesses - International Labour ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

List of tables Table 1: Official definitions of micro and small enterprises in the three study countries.......... 10 Table 2: Employment definitions of MSEs in Tanzania ............................................................ 10 Table 3: Gendered and gender neutral business activities in Tanzania...................................... 19 Table 4: Interviews and case studies carried out in all 3 countries ............................................ 30 Table 5: Location of the survey participants in the three countries ........................................... 32 Table 6: The primary reasons given for choosing to start their own business ........................... 37 Table 7: Type of business by sector (percentages)..................................................................... 39 Table 8: The three greatest challenges for start-up .................................................................... 40 Table 9: Sources of start-up funds (percentages) ....................................................................... 41 Table 10: Formalization of business in Tanzania: Start-up and current status............................. 43 Table 11: Registration of businesses in Zambia........................................................................... 44 Table 12: Reasons for Zambian women registering their businesses........................................... 45 Table 13: Forms of business development by women entrepreneurs in Ethiopia........................ 47 Table 14: Quality of employment in Tanzanian women’s MSEs ................................................ 49 Table 15: Employment created by the women entrepreneurs ...................................................... 50 Table 16: Number of employees at start-up and the time of survey in Zambia ........................... 51 Table 17: Current needs of the women entrepreneurs in Zambia ................................................ 55 Table 18: Business support services accessed by the women entrepreneurs in Tanzania............ 56 viii
Executive summary This report provides a synthesis of the findings from the Jobs, Gender and Small Enterprises in Africa – a Study on Women’s Enterprise Development (the WED Study), which was carried out in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Zambia throughout 2002. This was an action research project and funded as part of Ireland Aid’s Partnership Programme with the International Labour Organization (ILO) and its InFocus Programme on Boosting Employment through Small Enterprises Development (IFP/ SEED). The study was directed by Gerry Finnegan from the Women’s Entrepreneurship Development and Gender in Enterprise (WEDGE) Team within SEED and undertaken by a partnership of three nationally-based research groups – Julé Development Associates International (JUDAI) Consultants in Zambia, Zewde and Associates PLC in Ethiopia and the University of Dar Es Salaam’s Entrepreneurship Centre (UDEC) in Tanzania together with two international consultants Dr. Pat Richardson and Rhona Howarth from the UK. The primary aim of the research was to: Identify ways in which Governments, the ILO, donors, NGOs and the private sector can improve the prospects for women’s entrepreneurship in the three designated countries and enhance the contribution of women entrepreneurs to the creation of meaningful and sustainable employment opportunities and poverty alleviation. The WED Study involved interviewing 379 women business owners (123 surveyed plus 5 case studies in Ethiopia, 128 surveyed and within these 15 case studies in Tanzania and 118 surveyed plus 5 case studies in Zambia). This synthesis report, as the title suggests, provides an overview of the whole project, its findings and the issues arising from the study. In particular it provides an insight and contributes to the understanding of the critical factors impacting on women’s enterprise, jobs and gender in Africa at this time. The report also provides a very useful list of references for related reports and documentation, classified by geographical area and focus of interest. ix
Page 1 and 2: SEED Working Paper No. 47 Series on
Page 3 and 4: Foreword The ILO’s Programme on B
Page 5 and 6: Table of contents Foreword ........
Page 7: 5.2.2 Abilities, skills, and experi
Page 11 and 12: Acronyms AEMFI BDS CSA CSO COMESA E
Page 13 and 14: WED WED Study WEDAZ WEPC WEDGE ZCSM
Page 15 and 16: The Gender lexicon Gender was taken
Page 17 and 18: 1. Introduction and background 1.1
Page 19 and 20: 1.2 Aims and objectives In associat
Page 21 and 22: Phase Two (July-Oct 2002) Workshop
Page 23 and 24: • The Enterprise Level, as relate
Page 25 and 26: • The Enabling Environment for En
Page 27 and 28: (ii) Degree of Formality Another ch
Page 29 and 30: 1.4 The Structure of the report Thi
Page 31 and 32: The lack of up-to-date and comprehe
Page 33 and 34: employees, marketing and resources,
Page 35 and 36: eluctant to make legal agreements w
Page 37 and 38: Most of the existing research would
Page 39 and 40: promotional activities, may be ques
Page 41 and 42: Tanzania, the Women and Gender Deve
Page 43 and 44: Throughout the preliminary reports,
Page 45 and 46: 3. Jobs, gender and enterprise in A
Page 47 and 48: • In Tanzania, there was a greate
Page 49 and 50: 4. Profiles of women entrepreneurs
Page 51 and 52: networking skills for business. Ind
Page 53 and 54: Table 6: The primary reasons given
Page 55 and 56: Table 7: Type of business by sector
Page 57 and 58: This reliance on personal sources o
Page 59 and 60:
and JUDAI, 2002). The WED Study fin
Page 61 and 62:
4.4.2 Why formalize? The women entr
Page 63 and 64:
Table 13: Forms of business develop
Page 65 and 66:
employment practices, signs of impr
Page 67 and 68:
Table 16: Number of employees at st
Page 69 and 70:
premises, and this factor constrain
Page 71 and 72:
cent of women able to name credit a
Page 73 and 74:
oth. Those who were members were po
Page 75 and 76:
their time is already constrained b
Page 77:
In Tanzania the research acknowledg
Page 80 and 81:
Figure 12: Ingredients for a succes
Page 82 and 83:
men business owners surrounding the
Page 84 and 85:
and also help to diversify risks; a
Page 86 and 87:
(iii) Attitudes to collateral One m
Page 88 and 89:
egulations. There is no recognized
Page 90 and 91:
6. Key recommendations from the Nat
Page 92 and 93:
oadly similar in nature and focus,
Page 94 and 95:
appropriate services that are desig
Page 96 and 97:
- Are sometimes regarded as “mino
Page 98 and 99:
addressed effectively with positive
Page 100 and 101:
Abdulahi, Hayat (1997): “Constrai
Page 102 and 103:
Economic Commission for Africa (ECA
Page 104 and 105:
Hulme, D. and Mosley P. (1998): Mic
Page 106 and 107:
Maliyamkono, T. L. and Bagachwa, M.
Page 108 and 109:
Oyhus, A. O. (1999): “The importa
Page 110 and 111:
Temu, S. S. (1997): Financing and I
Page 112 and 113:
Wangwe, S.M. (1993): “Small and m
Page 114 and 115:
Identify ways in which Governments,
Page 116 and 117:
Elements impacting on successful mi
Page 118 and 119:
1.3 The research approach The WED S
Page 120 and 121:
Market access and developing BDS (a
Page 122 and 123:
III. IV. Special efforts should be
Page 124 and 125:
II. III. IV. Women entrepreneurs an
Page 126 and 127:
110 V. As women experience particul
Page 128 and 129:
Access to resources and finance (a)
Page 130 and 131:
114
Page 132 and 133:
22. “Ajuste Local à Globalizaç
Page 134:
59. “Facilitating Youth Entrepren
show all

The Challenges of Growing Small Businesses - International Labour ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?