Desk Study on the Environment in Iraq Desk Study on the ... - UNEP

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2 Background information 2.1 Overview This chapter presents basic geographical, geo-political and socio-economic background information to provide a context for the environmental issues discussed in subsequent chapters. This information is not intended to be fully comprehensive, but sources are given for readers wishing to obtain further details. 2.2 Country maps Map 1 shows Iraq, its six neighbouring states, major cities and the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Iraqi territory covers an area in excess of 430,000 km 2 , while the Gulf coastline is just 58 km in length. Map 1. Iraq and neighbouring region The boundar ies and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. 10 <strong>Desk</strong> <strong>Study</strong>
As shown in Map 2, there are currently 18 provinces or governorates. Since 1970, three of the northern governorates (Dahuk, Sulaymaniyah and Arbil) have been officially designated as a Kurdish autonomous region, with a separate elected legislature. This region came under UN and coalition protection after the 1991 Gulf War, to prevent the Iraqi regime from taking military action against the Kurdish population. Map 2. Iraq is divided into 18 provinces or governorates BACKGROUND INFORMATION The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance b y the United Nations. 2.3 Geographical features Iraq can be roughly divided into four major geographical zones. 1,2 These are described briefly below and shown in Map 3. (a) Desert plateau: Approximately 40% of Iraqi territory consists of a broad, stony plain with scattered stretches of sand, lying west and southwest of the Euphrates River and sparsely inhabited by pastoral nomads. A network of seasonal watercourses – or wadis – runs from the country’s western borders towards the Euphrates River. on the Environment in Iraq 11
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Page 6 and 7: Foreword Every conflict generates r
Page 8 and 9: 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview This <s
Page 12 and 13: 2 (b) Northeastern highlands: Cover
Page 14 and 15: 2 ment Programme (UNDP) listed Iraq
Page 16 and 17: 2 early May. To avert a humanitaria
Page 18 and 19: 2 FRANCOISE DE MULDER - CORBIS Iraq
Page 20 and 21: 2 day, though ongoing UN sanctions
Page 22 and 23: 2 As of 31 March 2003 there were US
Page 24 and 25: 2 estimated that only 3 to 5 millio
Page 26 and 27: 2 2002 April - Baghdad suspends oil
Page 28 and 29: 3 Summary of chronic environmental
Page 30 and 31: 3 • The adverse downstream impact
Page 32 and 33: 3 the city’s only source of water
Page 34 and 35: 3 ED KASHI - CORBIS Recent studies
Page 36 and 37: 3 In 1999, it was reported that a d
Page 38 and 39: 3 • surface and subsurface distur
Page 40 and 41: 3 Mesopotamian Marshlands (1973) L
Page 42 and 43: 3 Zoom of remaining Marshland area
Page 44 and 45: 3 massive loss and degradation had
Page 46 and 47: 3 H. PARTOW-UNEP/GRID-GENEVA Burnt
Page 48 and 49: 3 A large number of reptiles occur
Page 50 and 51: 3 agricultural investment activitie
Page 52 and 53: 4 Environmental impacts of military
Page 54 and 55: 4 Map 7. Well-documented use of ch
Page 56 and 57: 4 4.3 Gulf War, 1991 Background Kuw
Page 58 and 59: 4 Map 8. Chemical, biological and
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4 Following the Gulf War, UNSCOM co
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4 UNSCOM - CORBIS Destroyed ed chem
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4 A variety of studies have been co
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4 PETER TURNLEY - CORBIS Burning oi
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4 chemical analyses. Such analyses
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4 Rehabilitation and compensation o
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4 Bomb damage to Republican Palace
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4 Of these, the first two are letha
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4 Oil Trench Fires around Baghdad
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4 Oil Well Fires from the Rumaila
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4 CENTCOM IAEA inspectors had been
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4 Iraqi Planning Ministry y during
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5 Next steps 5.1 Overview The post-
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5 Step 3. Integrate environmental p
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A Appendix A References and Interne
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A 14. Tehran Times 31; October 1999
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A 4 Environmental impacts of milita
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A 51. UNEP. 1993. Updated Scientifi
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A 102. http://www.washingtonpost.co
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www.unep.org United Nations Environ
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