Linking Specialisation and Stability of Plant ... - OPUS Würzburg

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xiv contents 3.3 The Model 43 3.3.1 Model analyses 45 3.4 Results 48 3.5 Discussion 51 3.6 Appendix 55 3.6.1 Further explanations concerning the derivation of the model 55 3.6.2 Supplementary tables and figures 58 4 contrasting specialisation-stability relationships 63 4.1 Abstract 63 4.2 Introduction 63 4.3 The Model 67 4.3.1 Model Analyses 70 4.4 Results 73 4.5 Discussion 75 5 the importance of being synchronous 83 5.1 Abstract 83 5.2 Introduction 83 5.3 Methods 86 5.3.1 Data collection 86 5.3.2 Statistical analyses 87 5.4 Results 94 5.4.1 Overall patterns 94 5.4.2 Local specialisation 94 5.4.3 Visitation consistency 95 5.4.4 Phenological shifts and asynchrony 96 5.5 Discussion 97 5.5.1 Why did we not find a positive relationship between local specialisation and visitation consistency? 98 5.5.2 Why did we not find a positive relationship between specialisation and phenological synchrony? 101 5.5.3 Limitations of the study design 102 5.5.4 Conclusion 103 5.6 Appendix 105 6 synthesis 107 6.1 Mechanisms of diversity maintenance 107 6.1.1 Equalising mechanisms 108 6.1.2 Stabilising mechanisms 110 6.1.3 Facilitation 112 6.1.4 Conclusions and outlook 113
contents xv 6.2 Consequences of climate change 114 6.2.1 General effects of climate change on biological populations 114 6.2.2 Phenological asynchrony of plants and pollinators: Causes and consequences 115 6.2.3 Effects of extreme climatic events on plantpollinator systems 118 6.2.4 Conclusions and outlook 119 Summary 121 Zusammenfassung 127 references 133 List of publications 153 List of conference contributions 155
Page 1: L I N K I N G S P E C I A L I S AT
Page 5: E R K L Ä R U N G gemäß § 4 Abs
Page 9 and 10: D A N K S A G U N G Zuallererst mö
Page 17 and 18: 1 I N T R O D U C T I O N “Es ist
Page 19 and 20: 1.3 ecological stability 3 vegetabl
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Page 23 and 24: 1.4 specialisation 7 tween the fund
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Page 29 and 30: 1.4 specialisation 13 tionships bet
Page 31 and 32: 1.5 outline of this thesis 15 1.5.1
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Page 55 and 56: 3 C A N P L A N T- P O L L I N AT O
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3.3 the model 45 time unit, summed
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3.3 the model 47 Figure 3.1: Illust
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3.4 results 49 difference in evenne
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3.5 discussion 51 abundance 150 100
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3.5 discussion 53 seed numbers betw
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3.6 appendix 55 Despite the existen
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3.6 appendix 57 mean number of visi
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3.6 appendix 59 Table 3.2: Plant di
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3.6 appendix 61 proportional differ
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100 the importance of being synchro
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S Y N T H E S I S 6 The previous fo
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6.1 mechanisms of diversity mainten
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6.2 consequences of climate change
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S U M M A RY For most angiosperm pl
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summary 123 veloped in chapter 2. O
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summary 125 and intensity of extrem
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128 zusammenfassung ten der Erhaltu
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130 zusammenfassung wir den Zusamme
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R E F E R E N C E S Abrams, P.A. (2
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eferences 135 R., Thomas, C.D., Set
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eferences 137 Clavel, J., Julliard,
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eferences 139 role of trade-off str
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eferences 141 Gomez, J.M., Abdelazi
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eferences 143 Ives, A.R. & Carpente
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eferences 145 Leibold, M. & McPeek,
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eferences 147 Moonen, A. & Barberi,
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eferences 149 Pielou, E.C. (1975).
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eferences 151 Schemske, D.W., Mitte
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eferences 153 Visser, M.E. & Hollem
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L I S T O F P U B L I C AT I O N S
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