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6 Surrogate Technologies to Estimate Suspended Sediment, Clearwater River, Idaho, and Snake River, Wash., 2008–10 The ADVMs average measurements collected over 2 min out of every 15 min. The water-quality sonde measures turbidity adjacent to the instrument every 15 min and is equipped with an automated wiper mechanism to reduce biological fouling on the face of the probe. The LISST- StreamSide measures volumetric SSC and grain-size distribution every 30 min. The sampling line for the LISST- StreamSide is flushed for 2–5 min prior to each measurement (duration changed during study period), and measurements are then averaged over 30 sec. Snake River Study Site The Snake River study site is co-located with <strong>USGS</strong> streamgage No. 13334300 on the left streambank near Anatone, Washington (fig. 1). Part of the streamflow passing the study site is regulated by numerous dams along the Snake River, including Hells Canyon Dam located 31 mi upstream. The Salmon and Grande Ronde Rivers join the Snake River upstream of the study site and contribute most of the sediment passing the site (Gregory Clark, U.S. Geological Survey, oral commun., 2011). The site is equipped with a 0.5-MHz SonTek/YSI Argonaut-SL ADVM, a 1.5-MHz SonTek/ YSI Argonaut-SL ADVM, and a YSI 6600EDS waterquality sonde with a model 6136 turbidity probe (fig. 3). Pipe housing a water-quality sonde with turbidity probe A. The pipe housing a Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI) water-quality sonde with turbidity probe. Figure 3. Sediment surrogate instruments deployed at the Snake River near Anatone, Washington. (Photographs A and B taken December 15, 2008 and March 30, 2009, respectively, by Molly Wood, U.S. Geological Survey.
Site Descriptions and Surrogate Instrument Configurations 7 B. The 1.5-MHz and 0.5-MHz SonTek/YSI acoustic Doppler velocity meters (ADVMs) attached to an aluminum slide track mount about 1,000 ft upstream of the water-quality sonde. Figure 3.—Continued Like the Clearwater River study site, the Snake River site is equipped with a datalogger and satellite telemetry. The water-quality sonde and telemetry were installed in May 2008; the ADVMs were installed in April 2009. The waterquality sonde is mounted in a plastic pipe, drilled with holes to maintain hydraulic communication between the inside of the pipe and surrounding water, which extends into the river from the left bank near the gage house. The ADVMs could not be co-located with the streamgage and water-quality sonde because streambed features limited profiling across the channel. The ADVMs were installed in a more suitable measurement location about 1,000 ft upstream of the streamgage, on a 32-ft aluminum slide track mount that can be raised and lowered as needed to service the equipment. The 0.5- and 1.5-MHz ADVMs are configured to measure backscatter in five discrete, equally sized cells in a horizontal sampling volume, 6.6–203 ft and 6.6–59 ft from the instrument, respectively. The ADVMs average measurements collected over 2 min out of every 15 min. The water-quality sonde measures turbidity adjacent to the instrument every 15 min and is equipped with an automated wiper mechanism. Unlike the Clearwater River site, the ADVMs at the Snake River site are direct current-powered through a solar panel and battery. To avoid fluctuations in input voltage, which is common at sites powered by a solar panel and battery, that could lead to fluctuations in power during transmission of the acoustic pulse (Craig Huhta, SonTek/ Yellow Springs Instruments, oral commun., 2012), both ADVMs are connected to a direct current voltage converter to maintain a constant voltage input to the instruments during measurements. The voltage converter changes direct current voltage from a solar panel and battery to a constant output of 13 volts to the ADVMs, to remove the potential uncertainty in backscatter measurements because of fluctuations in input voltage. This setup was deemed necessary because Wall and others (2006) noted that differing power-supply voltages supplied to acoustic Doppler current profilers used to estimate sediment in the Hudson River resulted in changes in transmit power of the acoustic pulse, which required corrections to the data. This phenomenon could cause fluctuations in backscatter measurements which are not a result of changes in SSC in the river.
Page 1 and 2: Prepared in cooperation with the U.
Page 3 and 4: Use of Surrogate Technologies to Es
Page 5 and 6: iii Contents Abstract .............
Page 7 and 8: v Conversion Factors and Datums Con
Page 9 and 10: Use of Surrogate Technologies to Es
Page 11 and 12: Introduction 3 The Lower Granite Lo
Page 13: Site Descriptions and Surrogate Ins
Page 17 and 18: Methods 9 Surrogate Instrument Data
Page 19 and 20: Methods 11 Acoustic Absorption by S
Page 21 and 22: Use of Surrogate Models To Estimate
Page 35 and 36: References Cited 27 Summary and Con
Page 37 and 38: References Cited 29 SonTek/Yellow S
Page 39 and 40: Publishing support provided by the

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