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Traffic management solution to improve the fluency of traffic flow, road safety and security in urban areas Marius Minea, Radu Şerban Timnea Telematics and Electronics for Transports Dept. (TET) University Politehnica of Bucharest, Transports Fac., 313, Splaiul Independenţei, Bucharest, Romania Carmen Eleonora Stan Ana-Maria Martin Andrei Iancu Dan Dumitrescu Institute for Computers (ITC-<strong>SA</strong>) Research Dept. 167, Calea Floreasca, Bucharest, Romania Abstract — This paper presents a integrated solutions with the purpose of increasing the road traffic safety and security, via an intelligent management of sensor data and image fusion. The integrated platform for traffic safety monitoring includes a sensing section, equipped with non-intrusive sensors and a camera for data collection, a central dispatching computer and connections with the traffic controllers. The novelty of the system consists in the solutions adopted, including the mobile data collection facilities, available on handheld devices for: (i) field data acquisition (ii) traveler information via Internet, along the roadways. The components that are integrated result in synergetic effect in service oriented solution for improving traffic flow and reducing congestion in the cities, useful for decision-makers and for citizens. Keywords – signalling infrastructure; sensor; safety; reliability; operability. I. INTRODUCTION Road transport for people and freight represents the dynamical factor, the key element of knowledge based economy and social cohesion. Within the past decades there has been a continuous growth of the number of private transportation vehicles while the public transportation has been in a continuous decline. The current transportation infrastructure no longer copes with the demand. Accidents and congestions caused by the traffic have a bad influence on the quality of life, lower the productivity and diminish the energy. The traffic congestion, which determines environmental problems and accidents, is getting worse. The benefit of the road transportation is decreasing more and more every day, due to the side effects (pollution and accidents) the result being a vicious circle in the public transport. In the last few years the density of the traffic in the big cities of the developed countries has reached impressive quotas. If the right corrective measures are not taken, the cost of traffic jams will represent, by 2010, 1% of the gross revenue of the EU and will worsen the link between central markets and neighboring regions. The transportation sector is a major source of air pollution. The solution presented here describes a technological platform, of European standards level, able to be used to collect on line information concerning road traffic, in an urban street network. The platform will integrate on line road traffic information, representing main traffic parameters, transmitted by the traffic data collection systems, GIS environment featured digital maps, multimedia technologies able to directly show the traffic conditions and broadband wireless communications to set up an advanced procedure for traffic monitoring. This will be a premise for the improvement of the life of the inhabitants and of the traffic participants in an urban area. The platform will be set up of the following components: • Traffic information data collection subsystem, with non intrusive sensors (PIR) and video cameras, aimed to monitor traffic conditions • Communication system based on the items providing remote data communication and several field items control; information concerning traffic related parameters will be transmitted via either GPRS or internet and images will be provided by video cameras using IP based communication technologies • Central dispatcher, set up of the main processing systems which will concentrate the data from field devices. These will run specialized programs in order to provide system user interface. These will also allow estimating the congestion rate of the road traffic, to make small short time predictions and statistic reports. • Web information portal enabling system users to access updated data, related to the monitored street network status, traffic levels and routing information towards different points of interest and obstructions on chosen paths. The information will be accessed both from fixed locations and from mobile devices, during the vehicles movement. 7
sections (excepting the Introduction), starting with the with the presentation of the state of art in the field, the concept/architecture of the system, results of some field tests, and conclusions regarding the advantages that the solution presents. Fig 1. <strong>SA</strong>FETRAFF – General architecture On line monitoring of the road vehicles flow and the detection of the traffic incidents will be accomplished by installing several web cameras provided fixed IP and featuring images storage on a central server. Collected data will be on line transmitted to the data server, installed at the premises of the Monitoring and Control Center. The information will be accessed by fixed or mobile devices The pilot system has been tested in several cities of Romania, namely Suceava, Sibiu and Bucharest. There are many levels where such systems may be implemented, depending on the traffic volumes, starting from the simple static signaling systems and going up to management systems based on complex algorithms that consider a series of key factors. There are, also, several ways that the traffic fluency, safety and the level of emissions can be kept under control . Studies and implementations of different traffic management systems, combined with geometric re-arrangement of the road infrastructure showed that the best approach is to employ a combined strategy: with a contribution of 5% to 15% in traffic fluency improvement, the Urban Traffic Control systems cannot be completely effective without introducing also modifications in the road geometry, or other factors that help increase overall road infrastructure capacity. However, the less expensive in this equation is the introduction of intelligent transport systems technologies. Recently, Multimodal Real Time Traffic and Travel Information (RTTI) [2] services proved to be an effective instrument to decrease energy consumption in urban areas across the different modes of transport, by changing the mobility behavior (the modal shift) for the single traveler. The European Union has also a permanent concern in reducing the number of traffic incidents and injuries. The EC documents [1], related to traffic, clearly state that road safety is one of the major concerns and “finally, users expect more rational transport in towns and cities. Noise and air pollution and their effects on health are of greater concern in towns and cities, and a clear line needs to be drawn urgently between the respective roles of private cars and public transport.” The paper is structured in four II. CONCEPT AND SYSTEM’S ARCHITECTURE Safetraff system is designed to produce relevant safety and quantitative information regarding the road traffic itself. This contributes to traffic safety, having embedded specific functions for law enforcement. The architecture traffic monitoring subsystem consists of the following functional components: • The data collection component; • The central dispatcher component; • The CCTV (web-based) component for traffic monitoring and video management of traffic incidents; • The web interface. Fig. 2 The functional architecture of the traffic information subsystem Figure 2 depicts the physical architecture of the “SafeTraff” platform. The main part is the infrastructure for data collection. This component employs non-intrusive, passive infrared (PIR) sensors for vehicle sensing. Specific modules employ local data processing in order to build traffic information messages that are sent in specific blocks to the communication functional block. The vehicle sensors are capable of detecting presence, occupancy, speed, and vehicle classification. These categories of traffic sensors do not need civil construction works for mounting, therefore their installation costs is being kept low. The sensors are used to form data messages from each intersection, which are locally processed in a special unit, called device for traffic data processing and communications (TDPC). The device also ensures the local power supply control, local communications with the sensors and the communication monitoring with the central dispatcher unit. The set of detection sub-systems communicate via the same GSM GPRS network with the central computer. Data from the sensors is locally stored in a temporary memory (for safety purposes) and periodically read (each 5 s – to 5 min, configurable). A specific set of messages containing information regarding the number of vehicles counted, classification, the degree of occupancy etc. is formed after. 8
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