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LIGHTFAIR INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR PREVIEW For restrooms, occupancy-based control is a natural selection. Lights turn on when the space is occupied, and turn off when the space is vacant. project. Control parameters need to be defined. This includes identifying the goals of lighting controls for that specific project and factors such as who will be maintaining the system and budgetary issues. Lighting control strategies (i.e., occupancy-based, time scheduled, light level control and load shedding) must be assessed. Another aspect the seminar leaders will explore is who will be involved in designing a lighting control system; who will actually do the design and how it will be communicated (i.e., through documents such as written specifications, schedules, and riser diagrams). At this point, the seminar begins to explore a “sample office building” to put into practice some of the topics already discussed. The leaders begin with a common application in commercial buildings: the open office application. In open office settings, there might be limited space “ownership” by occupants. In addition, there will be the need for daytime lighting and the ability to override controls after hours for individuals working late. This can be accommodated by scheduled control and the use of local “smart” switches. It can also be provided by daylighting controls, such as continuous dimming. These controls ensure that occupants always have the lighting levels needed for their tasks. At the Sacramento Municipal Utility District, a combination of these two control strategies was used to achieve the desired energy management objectives and to realize energy savings. In private offices, on the other hand, there is usually greater “ownership” by the occupant, coupled with the desire to control lighting in the space. For these reasons, suitable control strategies include occupancy-based control or personal dimming controls. Evidence that these strategies are well suited to this type of work environment was revealed by a seminal study conducted at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. This research indicated that employees preferred manual controls to automatic ones, and actively adjusted their own lighting for a variety of reasons. In fact, more than 70 percent of study participants used portable desktop dimmer switches to adjust lighting! And in many cases, workers indicated that they adjusted their lighting, not for energy saving reasons, but to make their environment more comfortable to perform computer work. Conference/training rooms may be smaller and occupant-intimate while accommodating multiple users and a wide range of activities. Here, user needs include flexibility and ease-of-use for selected controls. In this type of setting, architectural dimming controls or occupancy-based control may be appropriate solutions. For restrooms, which experience infrequent use and limited space ownership, occupancy-based control is a natural selection. With this strategy, lights will be on when the space is occupied and off when vacant. Other types of building spaces that have little or no ownership are the common areas such as lobbies and hallways. These spaces also demonstrate characteristics such as the need for egress and the frequent presence of daylight. For spaces like these, the control solution may be scheduled, daylighting, occupancybased or some combination. The primary factor in exterior lighting applications is usually protecting occupant safety and security. Design factors such as multi-phase loads, the presence of daylight, and the need to accommodate occupant schedules may also influence the ultimate control strategy that is selected. With factors like these, automated scheduled control that relies on either astronomic or photocell control is ideal for many exterior applications. Once the lighting control tour of the seminar’s office building is complete, attendees will have a deeper understanding of the issues involved in designing and implementing lighting controls. They will also have a number of control solutions to explore further in the context of their own facilities. The seminar will conclude with a brief exploration of emerging issues such as integrating lighting control and other building systems. This discussion will look at who the stakeholders are in systems integration as well as what the benefits and challenges are in the integration process. Seminar leaders will also touch on some of the communication standards and issues between systems. Harold Jepsen is a product line manager for The Watt Stopper, in Livermore, Calif. Leslie North is a senior lighting designer for OWP&P Engineers, Inc., in Chicago. Sandra Vasconez is a research assistant professor for the Lighting Research Center in Troy, N. Y. 70 LD+A/May 2001 www.iesna.org
LIGHTFAIR INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR PREVIEW PHOTO: JUSSI TIAINEN Fiskars waterfall has been part of the village center for 350 years. For years, it has given the sound to the night of Fiskars. Now the sound is combined with the new image of the lighted waterfall. Poetry in Lighting Design Vesa Honkonen and Julle Oksanen take attendees on a personal journey of projects, which demonstrate the artistic and poetic side of lighting design. It was a starry night in October, a few years ago. We were standing outside, in the small picturesque village of Fiskars, located in Southern Finland. Fiskars is a 350-year-old steel mill village. We had darkened the whole area; all the street lights were off. A small river with strong current runs through the village. The river has always been the heart of Fiskars. There are two small waterfalls in the very center of the village. We had built a lighting demonstration to one of the waterfalls as part of our commission to create a new lighting design for the village. We used just one small light caster to lift the waterfall from the darkness. Two men were with us: our client, the vice-president of Fiskars Company; and a quiet man who had lived in Fiskars for his whole life, and had helped us to build the demonstrations. The vice-president turned to ask his opinion. We were all surprised to notice that this local guy had tears in his eyes and he was staring at the waterfall. He said whispering, “All my life, I have just heard that water in the darkness. Now I can also see it after 50 years, and it is so beautiful.” This experience made us think about the power of light and our responsibility as designers. The power of light If we really think about it, it is impossible to work with the light itself. Light is meaningless before it meets something. Light earns its life when it starts to play with surfaces, materials, places, locations. On our way to be lighting designers we learn about light, lamps and fixtures, but we should pay even more attention to studying the environment, place, objects, which will be our true client. Lighting a city or a town, is an extremely demanding challenge. Part of the stories are written www.iesna.org THURSDAY, MAY 31, 2001, 2:00 - 3:30 PM
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Page 3 and 4: Willard L. Warren, PE, LC, FIESNA W
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Page 7 and 8: individual member. It is suggested
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Page 13 and 14: Members in the News OSRAM SYLVANIA,
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