Acupuncture and dry-needling for low back pain (Review)

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Carlsson 2001 (Continued) 17 males and 33 females. Working status: 20 on sick leave, 17 retired, 12 full time, one unemployed Previous treatments: corsets, nerve blocks, analgesics, TENS, physiotherapy. Two had undergone surgery Interventions Outcomes Notes 1) Manual acupuncture: local points (BL24, BL25, BL26, Ex Jiaji) and distal points (LI11, LI4, BL40, BL57 and BL60). “Teh-Chi” feeling was sought in all instances, mostly at a needle-tip depth of 2 to 3 cm. The needles were stimulated three times during the 20-minute treatment sessions to restore Teh Chi feelings. The needles were disposable, stainless steel, with a diameter between 0.3 and 0.32 mm and a length between 30 and 70 mm. Frequency: once per week for eight weeks; two further treatments were given during the follow-up assessments period of six months or longer. Randomized to this group:16 Acupuncturist’ experience: board certified anaesthesiologist with more than 10,000 acupuncture treatments 2) In addition to the needles as in the manual acupuncture group, they performed electrical stimulation of four needles (one pair per side in the low back). Frequency: 2 Hz every 2.5 seconds, interrupted by a 15 Hz train for 2.5 seconds. Randomized to this group: 18 3) Mock transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) given by an impressive, stationary, but disconnected GRASS (gradient-recalled acquisition in a steady state) stimulator attached to two large TENS electrodes. The electrodes were placed on the skin over the most intensely painful area in the low back. During stimulation, flashing lamps were displayed and visible to the patient. This group was seen once per week for 8 weeks. Randomized to this group: 16 1) Pain: Visual Analog Scale (VAS) from 0 to 100 mm; measured in the morning and in the evening. Not clear how many patients filled all pain diaries everyday. 2) Global assessment by physician. Subjective. Improvement is not defined 3) Present work status: number of people on sick leave. 4) Intake of analgesics recorded daily 5) Sleep quality recorded daily Outcomes were taken at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months or longer after the end of the 8 sessions The results of these outcomes at baseline are not reported, except for pain which is slightly different between acupuncture and placebo Costs: not reported Complications: no complications occurred during treatment or follow-up period Language: English Publication: full paper Additional information from authors: no The authors pooled groups 1 and 2 and compared with group 3. The results for pain are similar in the morning and evening measurements For results, see the comparisons: 5.1 5.2 5.6 5.8 5.9 (other data table) 5.10 (other data table) 7.2 Conclusion: “The authors demonstrated a long-term pain-relieving effect of needle acupuncture compared with true placebo in some patients with low-back pain” Acupuncture and dry-needling for low back pain (Review) Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 22
Ceccherelli 2002 Methods Participants Interventions Outcomes Notes -Randomized (table of random numbers). No description of allocation concealment. -Outcome assessors were blinded. -Funding: AIRAS (Associazone Italiana per la Ricerca e l’Aggiornamento Scientifico) -Setting: Pain clinic, University of Padova, Italy. -Informed consent and ethics approval not reported -All patients were followed -Analysis: Between groups were initially compared by repeated measurements two-way ANOVA. Post hoc comparison was done by the Bonferroni correction of the unpaired t-test 42 patients with continuous pain for more than 3 months. Normal neurologic exam. No signs of radicular compression Diagnoses: chronic lumbosacral myofascial pain. Excluded: spinal cord injury, osteoporosis, rheumatic diseases, disk herniation, fibromyalgia, organic diseases, hypertension or obesity Age: between 30-50 years old. Mean 42 years old. 30 males and 12 females Working status: ? Previous treatments: none had been treated with acupuncture Co-morbidity: ? 1) Deep acupuncture: 1.5 cm in the muscle or in the trigger point. Needles: disposable Sedatelec 300um diameter of 3 different lengths: 10 mm, 29 mm and 49 mm. Points: Extra 19, VG6. The following were inserted bilaterally: GB34, UB54, UB62. Plus four trigger points or as second choice in the four most painful muscular tender points found in the lumbar area. Total of eight sessions (total 6 weeks), each session lasted for 20 minutes. All needles were stimulated for 1 minute immediately after the insertion and for 20 s. every 5 min at 5, 10 and 15 minutes. The frequency of alternate right and left rotation of the needles was 2 Hz. Randomized to this group: not described Acupuncturist’s experience: not described 2) Same as described for acupuncture, but the depth of insertion was only 2 mm in the skin. Randomized to this group: not described 1) Pain: verbally using the McGill Pain Questionnaire. They used the number of words chosen and the pain rating index. The pain rating index is the sum of numerical values that has been assigned to each word used to describe the pain Measured immediately after the end of the sessions and after 3 months Costs: not reported Complications: not reported Language: English Publication: full paper Additional information from authors: we contacted authors, but no response was received For results, see the comparisons: 7.1 Conclusions: “Clinical results show that deep stimulation has a better analgesic effect when compared with superficial stimulation” Acupuncture and dry-needling for low back pain (Review) Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 23
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pain and function (adjusted for bas
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Review: Analysis 7.2. Comparison 7
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improvement (Continued) Li 1997 Imp
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20 factorial$.ti,ab. (2463) 21 foll
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(Continued) 30 October 2004 New cit
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Acupuncture and dry-needling for low back pain (Review)

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