a conglomerte bed as a possible lower boundary - Professor Kamal ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

LIST OF FIGURES Fig. No. Title Page Fig(1.1): Location and geological map of studied area , showing studied section........................... 3 Fig(1.2): Tectonic map of Iraq showing the location of the studied area which consists of three parts………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 Fig(1.3): The studied are divided to several graben and horsts (Karim, et al, 2007)........................ 6 Fig(1.4A): Location and geological map of central part of the studied area (the NW part)................. 13 Fig(1.4B): Geological map of the Central part of the studied area (SE complementary part)........... 14 Fig(1.5): Geological map of the northeastern part of the studied area showing outcrop of Qulqula Formation and the sampled section (solid black line)............................................................ 15 Fig(2.1): Texture (A) and lithology (B) of the conglomerate bed between Balambo and Qulqula formation, near Kaolos and Dostadara Villages............................................... ..................................... 18 Fig(2.2): The conglomerate bed at the base of Qulqula Formation exposed 1 Km north of Kaolos village, 6 Km north of Said Sadiq Town. ............................................... ............................................... 18 Fig(2.3): Qulqula Formation is overlying both Shiranish Formation and Tanjero Formation due to thrusting (reverse faulting), at 1km west of Harmella Village (8km west of Chwarta Town). ……. 20 Fig(2.4): The enlarged area in the black parallelogram in the previous photo shows Qulqula Formation overlying Shiranish Formation due to thrusting (reverse faulting), at 1km west of 20 Harmella Village (8km west of Chuwarta Town). .................................................................................... Fig(2.5): Relation between Qulqula Conglomerate and Avroman Formation at the area between Kaolos Village and Tawella Town............................................... ............................................................. Fig(2.6): Part of the P1 (succession one) showing white weathering colour (fresh black or dark grey), type of bedding with chert nodules (ch), at 2km to the north of Dostadara Village, on the peak of Qalay Kurre mountain. ............................................... ............................................... ............... Fig (2.7): Stratigraphic column of the Dostadara Village sections. .................................................... 22 Fig (2.8): Four limestone successions at the lower part of Qulqula Formation, west of Dostadara Village............................................... ……………................................................ ....................................... Fig (2.9): Dostadara Village geologic cross section, passing directly by the west of Village.......... 23 21 21 23 Fig (2.10): Rip up clast found in the limestone member at 6Km to the south of Razila Village at 30km to the north of Said Sadiq Town. ............................................... ............................................... ... Fig (2.11): Cross lamination in the limestone of the succession one near Harmela Village, 12km east of Chuwarta Town. ............................................... ............................................... ........................... Fig(2.12): Graded Bedding and Cross Lamination in the conglomerate at the base of Qulqula Formation at the area between Kaolos and Chuarta area 2km to the southwest of Dostadra village. ............................................... ................................................................ ....................................... Fig (2.13): Gutter Cast Graded Bedding and Cross Lamination in the studied limestone succession at the lower part of Qulqula Formation at the area between Kaolos and Chuarta area 2km to the Southwest of Dostadara Village............................................... ............................................ Fig (2.14): Thin section photos of the sharp contact between bottom and top (wackstone and peloidal grainstone respectively) of two limestone layer of the Dostadara....................................... Fig (2.15): Position of the Qulqula and Conglomerate Formations within Tectonic Scenario of Northeastern Iraq. ................................................................... ................................................................. Fig (2.16): Angular unconformity between Red Bed Series and Qulqula Formation at Northwest of Qaladiza Town............................................... ............................................................................................ Fig (2.17): Angular unconformity between Red Bed Series and Qulqula Formation at Northwest of Qaladiza Town............................................... ........................................................................................... Fig (2.18): Resting of alluvium fan sediment (Quaternary) on Qulqula Formation at northern boundary of Sharazoor plain................................................................ .................................................... Fig (2.19): A) Alternation of marl laminae and with limestone beds, B: Alternation of marl and silicious shale at the middle part of the formation………………………………………………………….. Fig (2.20): Cutting of the laminae of a Cross Lamination by Chert Nodules in the limestone succession of Qulqula Formation. ..................................................................... ..................................... Fig (2.21): Cutting of the Laminae of a Cross Lamination by Chert Nodules in the limestone succession of Qulqula Formation. ................................................................... ..................................... 24 26 27 28 28 29 30 30 31 33 35 36 XII
Fig (2.22): Occurrence of Chert Nodules in sandy limestone (lime sandstone) in the limestone succession of Qulqula Formation.................................................................. ....................................... Fig (3.1): Classification (Dunham, 1962) for carbonate rocks ............................................................... 40 Fig (3.2): A) Well rounded different lithoclast (dark colour) with bioclasts. B) Different lithoclast (dark colour) with bioclasts............................................... ............................................... ....................... 36 42 Fig (3.3: A) Badly sorted different lithoclast. B) Subangular lithoclasts with foramoniferas whole skeletons............................................... ............................................... .................................................... Fig (3.4): well rounded different lithoclast and bioclasts showing different degrees of micritization..Sample 2Dos-15a............................................. ............................................... .................. Fig (3.5): Well rounded different lithoclast and bioclasts showing different degrees of micritization. 2Dos-15b........................... ............................................... ............................................... 43 43 43 Fig (3.6): A: Intensely micritized lithoclasts with one longitudinal section of green algae(c) and superficial ooids(s). B: Badly sorted bioclasts (possibly pelecypods) with lithoclasts..................... 44 Fig (3.7): Longitudinal section of Tetrataxid inflata (Bottom Right) and some other foram clasts and lithoclasts............................................................................................................................................ 45 Fig (3.8):Some foram clasts (as a colony), lithoclasts and superficial ooids....................................... 45 Fig (3.9): Different origins of peloids (Reijers and Hsu, 1986) which can be applied on the constituents of limestones of the Qulqula Formation........................................................................... Fig (3.10): Peloidal grainstone Sample: 2Dos-8a................................ .................................................. 47 Fig (3.11): Peloid gainstone cut by two fracture that are filled with spary calcite............................... 47 Fig (3.12): Peloid Grainstone contains biserial foram at the right side with spary calcite cement (white).............................................. ............................................... .......................................................... Fig (3.13): Ooids-peloids grainstone which composed of spherical and oblate (B) superficial ooids. The oblate voids are formed around bioclasts. Some unknown origin peloids are can be seen............................................... ............................................... ............................................................ Fig (3.14): Ooids- Peloids grainstone which composed of spherical superficial ooids. with partially micritized lihoclasts. ............................................... ................................................................. Fig (3.15): Conglomeratic limestone (rudstone) of the P1 at 2km southeast of Harmella Village...... 52 Fig (3.16): Green algal encrustation as bindstone facies. ..................................................................... 53 Fig (3.17): Oncoids and green algal by separate encrustation.............................................................. 53 Fig (3.18): A) Lithoclastic-peloidal Grainstone in which the peloidal show some race of superficial ooids. Type Section, S.N.7a. Peloidal with phosphatic grain.. ............................. ....... .. Fig (3.19): Mudstone Lithofacies............................................... ............................................................... 54 Fig (3.20): Rip-up Clasts (Conglomerate) in the P1 2km Southwest of Dostadara Village. ............................................... ............................................... ...................................................................... 47 48 50 51 54 56 Fig (3.21): Rip-up Clasts (as Floatstone Facies) in the P1 4Km Northeast of Haji Mamand Village. ..................................................................................................................... ............................................... Fig. (3.22A) Distribution of the Lithofacies and microfacies in the limestone successions of the Dostadara section……………………………………………………………………………………………….… Fig. (3.22B) Distribution of the Lithofacies and microfacies in of the limestone successions of the Gali, Kaolos Tawella and Type Locality sections( only the digested samples are indicated). Fig(3.23A): Depositional environment of the limestone successions of the Qulqula Formation as a ramp on the Jurassic extension platform (on the half graben). X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5: are representing the locations of Tawella, Kaolos Dotadara, Gali and Type section respectively………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Fig.(3.23B): Possible tectonic setting (extension platform margin) of the upper Jurassic showing ramp platform on the southwestern side of the Neo-Tethys on which the limestone successions of Qulqula Formation are deposited……………………………………………………………………….….. Fig.(3.24): Tectonic and environment of Qulqula Radiolarite Formation with in the tectonic Senario of Phanerozoic by (Numan, 1997)…………………………………………………………………… Fig (3.25): Basinal and tectonic setting of Cretaceous formations in which position of the Qulqula Formation is indicated as equivalent of Balambo Formation. A) (Karim, 2004), B and C) (Taha, (2008), D) (Ameen, 2008). ............................................... ......................................................................... 56 57 58 61 62 62 63 XIII
Page 1 and 2: SEDIMENTLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF TH
Page 3: Supervisor Certification We certify
Page 6 and 7: Dedicated To: The Soul of my Father
Page 8 and 9: ABSTRACT The lower member of Qulqul
Page 10 and 11: LIST OF CONTENTS Chapter One: INTRO
Page 14 and 15: Fig. (4.1) Disribution of clay mine
Page 16 and 17: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ON
Page 18 and 19: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Limestone
Page 20 and 21: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Fig.1.2: T
Page 22 and 23: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Qulqula go
Page 24 and 25: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.5. Aims
Page 26 and 27: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION portion of
Page 28 and 29: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION See Fig.1.
Page 30 and 31: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Fig.1.5: G
Page 32 and 33: CHAPTER TWO STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIME
Page 56 and 57: CHAPTER THREE MICROFACIES ANALYSIS
Page 62 and 63:
CHAPTER THREE MICROFACIES ANALYSIS
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY 4.2. Anal
Page 82 and 83:
CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY 4.3. X-Ra
Page 84 and 85:
CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY 4.4. Majo
Page 86 and 87:
CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY considera
Page 88 and 89:
CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Table (4-
Page 90 and 91:
CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY formation
Page 92 and 93:
CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Al 2 O 3
Page 94 and 95:
CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Fe 2 O 3
Page 96 and 97:
CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY The distr
Page 98 and 99:
CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY reduction
Page 100 and 101:
CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY 4.5. Trac
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Histogram
Page 106 and 107:
CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY The overa
Page 108 and 109:
CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY The distr
Page 110 and 111:
CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY the frequ
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY method us
Page 116 and 117:
CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY * * * * *
Page 118 and 119:
CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY According
Page 120 and 121:
CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Factor (6
Page 122 and 123:
CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Fig. (4.2
Page 124 and 125:
CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Scale 1/1
Page 126 and 127:
CONCLUSIONS This research has concl
Page 128 and 129:
References Abdul-Hameed F. F. 1980.
Page 130 and 131:
Barnes, R. L. and Jackson, J. A., 1
Page 132 and 133:
Dunoyer De Segozac, G., 1970. The t
Page 134 and 135:
South African Journal of Geology; J
Page 136 and 137:
Nicholls, G. D. and Loring, D. H.,
Page 138 and 139:
Stanton, R. E., 1965. Rapid Methods
Page 140 and 141:
Appendixes 125
Page 142 and 143:
Table (A-2a): Major oxide, Trace El
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Appendix (B): XRD patterns of some
Page 152 and 153:
Fig (B-6): XRD patterns of black li
Page 154 and 155:
Fig (B-12): XRD patterns of black l
Page 156 and 157:
Fig (B-18): XRD patterns of black l
Page 158 and 159:
@@ón‚íq @ôáŽîŠóèI@ ×a
Page 160 and 161:
@ðÝÑÜa@ö§a@À@kÔbÉn¾a@ñ§
show all

a conglomerte bed as a possible lower boundary - Professor Kamal ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?