a conglomerte bed as a possible lower boundary - Professor Kamal ...

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CHAPTER TWO STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY historical development of the depositional basins during Phanerozoic. Depending on allochthony, he considered Balambo and Qulqula Formations to be on trench–like basins, at both sides of spreading mid-oceanic ridges (Fig.2.15). Jassim and Goff, (2006) referred to allochtonous nature of Qulqula Formation which cropping out in the Qulqula-Khwakurk Zone. The most acceptable model is that drawn by Ameen (2008) who considered the formation in foredeep basin between forebulge and accretionary prism. In the model the formation is assumed as lateral facies change of Balambo Formation. Later on Taha, (2008) expanded the model to include the Late Cretaceous formations (Fig.2.16). It is clear from the above citation that most authors referred to Qulqula Formation as thrusted and transported rocks. Due to this nature of the formation, the study of the boundaries is extremely difficult. Fig. 2.15: Position of the Qulqula and Conglomerate Formations within Tectonic Scenario of Northeastern Iraq, (Numan, 1997). 29
CHAPTER TWO STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY 2.4.1- Upper Boundary at the Northwestern Part of the Studied Area (NP) The northwestern part of the studied area is located 20 km to the north of Qaladiza Town. In this area, the lower boundary of the formation is not exposed while the upper boundary forms tectonic contact with the Red Bed Series. In this area Baziany, (2006) recorded and described angular unconformity between the Red Bed Series and the underlying Qulqula Formation in Qulqula gorge, Qandil Mountain toe and north of Basne Town (Figs.2.16 and 2.17). In these two areas, the Red Bed Series overlies the Qulqula Formation in angular unconformable condition. The dip angle (dip angle of the plane of angular unconformity) is equal to 17 o and 21 o respectively. Above the unconformity, the Late Cretaceous rocks are missing from stratigraphic section of Cenozoic. Fig. 2.16: Angular unconformity between Red Bed Series and Qulqula Formation at Northwest of Qaladiza Town (Baziany, 2006). Fig.2.17: Angular unconformity between Red Bed Series and Qulqula Formation at Northwest of Qaladiza Town (Baziany, 2006). 30
Page 1 and 2: SEDIMENTLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF TH
Page 3: Supervisor Certification We certify
Page 6 and 7: Dedicated To: The Soul of my Father
Page 8 and 9: ABSTRACT The lower member of Qulqul
Page 10 and 11: LIST OF CONTENTS Chapter One: INTRO
Page 12 and 13: LIST OF FIGURES Fig. No. Title Page
Page 14 and 15: Fig. (4.1) Disribution of clay mine
Page 16 and 17: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ON
Page 18 and 19: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Limestone
Page 20 and 21: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Fig.1.2: T
Page 22 and 23: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Qulqula go
Page 24 and 25: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.5. Aims
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Page 28 and 29: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION See Fig.1.
Page 30 and 31: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Fig.1.5: G
Page 32 and 33: CHAPTER TWO STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIME
Page 56 and 57: CHAPTER THREE MICROFACIES ANALYSIS
Page 80 and 81: CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY 4.2. Anal
Page 82 and 83: CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY 4.3. X-Ra
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Page 86 and 87: CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY considera
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Page 90 and 91: CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY formation
Page 92 and 93: CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Al 2 O 3
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Fe 2 O 3
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY The distr
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY reduction
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY 4.5. Trac
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Table (4-
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Histogram
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY The overa
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY The distr
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY the frequ
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Table (4-
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY method us
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY * * * * *
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY According
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Factor (6
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Fig. (4.2
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Scale 1/1
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CONCLUSIONS This research has concl
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References Abdul-Hameed F. F. 1980.
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Barnes, R. L. and Jackson, J. A., 1
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Dunoyer De Segozac, G., 1970. The t
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South African Journal of Geology; J
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Nicholls, G. D. and Loring, D. H.,
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Stanton, R. E., 1965. Rapid Methods
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Appendixes 125
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Table (A-2a): Major oxide, Trace El
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Appendix (B): XRD patterns of some
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Fig (B-6): XRD patterns of black li
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Fig (B-12): XRD patterns of black l
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Fig (B-18): XRD patterns of black l
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