a conglomerte bed as a possible lower boundary - Professor Kamal ...

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Fig. (4.1) Disribution of clay mineral in marine environment (Potter et al,1980) which show that Kaolinite (the only clay mineral in the present study) is deposited in shallow water environments. Fig (4.2): Frequency diagrams of CaO and MgO content in limestones of the studied sections....... 69 Fig (4.3): In all sections the CaO content is a mirror of content MgO as it shown in these four graphs. (UL) is CaO% in limestone successions; (UR) is CaO% in other sections; (BL) is MgO% 70 in limestone successions and (BR) is MgO% in other sections........................................................... Fig (4.4A): MgO and I.R. content in limestones of the studied sections. ............................................. 71 Fig (4.4B): Frequency diagrams of Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 content in limestones of the studied sections.. 76 Fig (4.5): SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 contents (abnormal distribution) in all studied sections. (UL) is SiO 2 % in limestone successions; (UR) is SiO 2 % in other sections; (BL) is Al 2 O 3 % in limestone successions and (BR) is Al 2 O 3 % in other sections. ............................................... ...................................................... Fig (4.6): Frequency diagrams of Fe 2 O 3 and Na 2 O content in limestones of the studied sections. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Fig (4.7): Fe 2 O 3 and Na 2 O contents show the distribution in all studied sections. (UL) is Fe 2 O 3 % in limestone successions; (UR) is Fe 2 O 3 % in other sections; (BL) is Na 2 O% in limestone 80 successions and (BR) is Na 2 O% in other sections. ............................................... ............................... Fig (4.8): Frequency diagrams of K 2 O and MnO content in limestones of the studied sections........ 81 Fig(4.9) K 2 O and MnO contents shows the distribution in all studied sections. (UL) is K 2 O% in limestone successions; (UR) is K 2 O% in other sections; (BL) is MnO% in limestone successions 82 and (BR) is MnO% in other sections. ............................................... ....................................................... Fig (4.10): Frequency diagrams of P 2 O 5 content in limestones of the studied sections.................... 84 Fig (4.11): P 2 O5 contents show the distribution in all studied sections (L) is P 2 O5% in limestone 84 successions and (R) is P 2 O5% in other sections. ............................................... .................................. Fig(4.12): Frequency diagrams of Sr and Co content in limestones of the studied sections............ 86 Fig (4.13): Sr and Co contents show the distribution in all studied sections. (UL) is Sr% in limestone successions; (UR) is Sr% in other sections; (BL) is Co% in limestone successions and 86 (BR) is Co% in other sections. ............................................... ............................................... ................ Fig (4.14): Frequency diagrams of Cu and Ni content in limestones of the studied sections............ 89 Fig (4.15): Cu and Ni contents show the distribution in all studied sections. (UL) is Cu% in limestone successions; (UR) is Cu% in other sections; (BL) is Ni% in limestone successions and 89 (BR) is Ni% in other sections. ............................................... ............................................... .................. Fig (4.16): Frequency diagrams of Pb and Zn content in limestones of the studied sections........... 92 Fig (4.17): Pb and Zn contents show the distribution in all studied sections. (UL) is Pb% in limestone successions; (UR) is Pb% in other sections; (BL) is Zn% in limestone successions and 92 (BR) is Zn% in other sections. ............................................... ............................................... ................. Fig (4.18): Frequency diagrams of Cr content in limestones of the studied sections........................ 94 Fig (4.19): P 2 O5 contents show the distribution in all studied sections (L) is Cr% in limestone 94 successions and (R) is Cr% in other sections. ............................................... ....................................... Fig(4.20): Cluster Analyses (R-Mode)of geochemical variables of all limestones in the five 100 studied sections………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Fig(4.21): Cluster analyses (Q-Mode) of geochemical variables of all Sections……………………….. 101 Fig (4.22): Result of the study of geochemistry, sedimentology and stratigraphy as applied on straigraphic column of the Dostadara and Gali sections which shows that the four successions 106 are derived from one due to thrust faulting. ........................................................................................... Fig (4.23): Result of the study of geochemistry, sedimentology and stratigraphy as applied on straigraphic column of Kaolos section which shows that the two successions are derived from one succession due to thrust faulting. ......................................... .......................................................... Fig(4.24): Result of the study of geochemistry, sedimentology and stratigraphy as applied on straigraphic cross section of the Lower Part of the Qulqula Formation of Dostadara and Gali sections which shows that the two successions are derived from one succession due to thrust or reverse faulting. ............................................... .................................................................................... Fig. (4.25) Distribution of the major oxides and miner elements (including traces) of the limestone successions of the Gali and Kaolos sections (only the digested samples are indicated)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 68 76 80 107 108 109 Fig. (4.26) Distribution of the major oxides and miner elements (including traces) of the limestone successions of the Dostadara and type locality sections. .................................................. 110 XIV
LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page Table (1-1): The location and distance of the selected samples in the studied section.................... 12 Table (2.1): seven hypotheses proposed for the origin of bedded radiolarian cherts....................... 37 Table (3-1): Lithofacies variation of the Qulqula Formation according to their frequency in the successions……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Table (4.1): MPA of Type-8 sample in Type-Locality section shows that the typical mineral is typical Apatite…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Table (4-2); Showing Coefficient of Variation, Ranges, Mean content and Standard Deviation of 72 geochemical analyses in bulk samples of the Dostadara Ridges………………………………………. Table (4-3); Showing Coefficient of Variation, Ranges, Mean content and Standard Deviation of geochemical analyses in bulk samples of the Type Locality, Kaolos. Kaols-Z and Gali 73 sections…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Table (4-4): Correlation coefficient between the geochemical variables of all samples ................. 74 Tables (4-5): Shows the SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 ratio in the bulk samples from the six traverses.................... 78 42 66 Table (4-6) shows a comparison between the Fe 2 O 3 , Mn, Ni, Zn and Sr content of limestone beds of the studied sections, with some other published data……………………………………...…………. Table (4-7):- Standard Deviation and Precision (C.V%) of all samples for CaCO 3 and MgCO 3 which were analysed by Calcimetry and AAS. ............................................... .................................... 87 97 Table (4-8): - Results of analytical accuracy of Fe 2 O 3 , Mn and Sr contents in limestone of all studied sections. ............................................... ............................................... ..................................... Table (4-9) Rotated Factor Loading for all Studied Section Samples……………………………..…... 104 98 XV
Page 1 and 2: SEDIMENTLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF TH
Page 3: Supervisor Certification We certify
Page 6 and 7: Dedicated To: The Soul of my Father
Page 8 and 9: ABSTRACT The lower member of Qulqul
Page 10 and 11: LIST OF CONTENTS Chapter One: INTRO
Page 12 and 13: LIST OF FIGURES Fig. No. Title Page
Page 16 and 17: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ON
Page 18 and 19: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Limestone
Page 20 and 21: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Fig.1.2: T
Page 22 and 23: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Qulqula go
Page 24 and 25: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.5. Aims
Page 26 and 27: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION portion of
Page 28 and 29: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION See Fig.1.
Page 30 and 31: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Fig.1.5: G
Page 32 and 33: CHAPTER TWO STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIME
Page 56 and 57: CHAPTER THREE MICROFACIES ANALYSIS
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CHAPTER THREE MICROFACIES ANALYSIS
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY 4.2. Anal
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY 4.3. X-Ra
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY 4.4. Majo
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY considera
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Table (4-
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY formation
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Al 2 O 3
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Fe 2 O 3
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY The distr
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY reduction
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY 4.5. Trac
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Histogram
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY The overa
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY The distr
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY the frequ
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY method us
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY * * * * *
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY According
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Factor (6
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Fig. (4.2
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Scale 1/1
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CONCLUSIONS This research has concl
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References Abdul-Hameed F. F. 1980.
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Barnes, R. L. and Jackson, J. A., 1
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Dunoyer De Segozac, G., 1970. The t
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South African Journal of Geology; J
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Nicholls, G. D. and Loring, D. H.,
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Stanton, R. E., 1965. Rapid Methods
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Appendixes 125
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Table (A-2a): Major oxide, Trace El
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Appendix (B): XRD patterns of some
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Fig (B-6): XRD patterns of black li
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Fig (B-12): XRD patterns of black l
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Fig (B-18): XRD patterns of black l
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