a conglomerte bed as a possible lower boundary - Professor Kamal ...

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CHAPTER TWO STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY (1958) are separated by thick interval of alternations of bedded cherts and marls (Figs, 2.6, 2.8, 2.9 and 2.10). Fig. 2.5: Relation between Qulqula Conglomerate and Avroman Formation at the area between Kaolos Village and Tawella Town (Karim and Baziany, 2007). These limestone successions are well developed in the area between Chuwarta town and Razila Village, where each succession has a thickness of more than 25 m. They crop out 3 Km to the south of Harmela Village near Chuwarta Town, and extend to Kaolos Village, passing near by (to the south of) Dolpamo, Goezarash, Parazan, Chinara, Piraziz, Dostadara and Razila Villages (Figs. 1.4A and B). In the area between Chuarta and Kaolos, each succession consists of more than 50 beds (20– 130cm) thick of black and fine to coarse grain limestone which has light grey weathering colour. Occasionally, the limestone beds contain nodules and strings of chert (these nodules will be discussed later). From Razlla Village to about 800 m of Kaolos Village, the number and thickness of the limestone successions decrease to about 8 m and 2 successions (near Dolpamu Village) respectively. Near Kaolos village, the limestone successions disappear. Before disappearing, they become highly deformed and Sargelu Formation appears below them. In this l ocality, the Sargelu Formation consists of thick sequence of black limestone containing Posidonia shell and their bioclasts. From Kaolos Village to Khurmal Town, the Qulqula Formation is covered partially by Quaternary sediments (Baziany, 2006; Baziany and Karim 2007) and there is no 21
CHAPTER TWO STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTOLOGY limestone that can be seen clearly, which belongs to the formation. But, there are black limestones under Qulqula Formation that are not associated with chert and they are not known if they belong to Qulqula or Sargelu Formation. From Khurmal to the Iraqi-Iranian borders through Biara and Tawella towns, the limestone members are more cherty and thinner. They are located above Avroman Limestone and the limestone successions can not easily separated from the later formation. To the south of these two towns, very thick and nearly pure chert succession is located on the Balambo Formation. The contact between these two formations is not known exactly, because of intense deformation, but at 2km to the east of Tawella Village, it looks like tectonic. At the Qandil Mountain toe especially at type locality, the limestone member is less in thickness and numbers than other areas Fig. 2.6: Part of the P1 (succession number one) showing distinctive characteristics of bedding and white weathering colour (fresh black or dark grey). Chert nodules (ch), at 2km to the north of Dostadara Village, on the Peak of Qalay Kurre Mountain. 22
Page 1 and 2: SEDIMENTLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF TH
Page 3: Supervisor Certification We certify
Page 6 and 7: Dedicated To: The Soul of my Father
Page 8 and 9: ABSTRACT The lower member of Qulqul
Page 10 and 11: LIST OF CONTENTS Chapter One: INTRO
Page 12 and 13: LIST OF FIGURES Fig. No. Title Page
Page 14 and 15: Fig. (4.1) Disribution of clay mine
Page 16 and 17: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ON
Page 18 and 19: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Limestone
Page 20 and 21: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Fig.1.2: T
Page 22 and 23: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Qulqula go
Page 24 and 25: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.5. Aims
Page 26 and 27: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION portion of
Page 28 and 29: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION See Fig.1.
Page 30 and 31: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Fig.1.5: G
Page 32 and 33: CHAPTER TWO STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIME
Page 56 and 57: CHAPTER THREE MICROFACIES ANALYSIS
Page 80 and 81: CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY 4.2. Anal
Page 82 and 83: CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY 4.3. X-Ra
Page 84 and 85: CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY 4.4. Majo
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY considera
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Table (4-
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY formation
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Al 2 O 3
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Fe 2 O 3
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY The distr
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY reduction
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY 4.5. Trac
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Histogram
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY The overa
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY The distr
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY the frequ
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY method us
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY * * * * *
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY According
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Factor (6
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Fig. (4.2
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CHAPTER FOUR GEOCHEMISTRY Scale 1/1
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CONCLUSIONS This research has concl
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References Abdul-Hameed F. F. 1980.
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Barnes, R. L. and Jackson, J. A., 1
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Dunoyer De Segozac, G., 1970. The t
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South African Journal of Geology; J
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Nicholls, G. D. and Loring, D. H.,
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Stanton, R. E., 1965. Rapid Methods
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Appendixes 125
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Table (A-2a): Major oxide, Trace El
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Appendix (B): XRD patterns of some
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Fig (B-6): XRD patterns of black li
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Fig (B-12): XRD patterns of black l
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Fig (B-18): XRD patterns of black l
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