DSM Pocket Guidebook Volume 5: Renewable and Related ... - NREL

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Table R-18. Storage Power: Costs Levelized Typical Capital Cast of Size per System Cost Operation Electricity lnstlatian Effidency Ufe Type ($/kW) Cost (1987$/kWh)2 (MW) (%) (yr) Lead-acid 1300 $5.20/kW/yr 0.2Q-{).252 Up to 10 70 303 batteries1 1.0 /kW fyr for power conditioning 0 Lead-acid 425-635 Fixed $0.40- 20 74 30 co and advanced (esffma1e) 0.60 /kW/yr batteries EPRI Vanable 0.58-{).86 torget cos!s4 /kW/yr CAE 55 46D-650 Fixed 1.2- 0.084-0.098 110 ) 30 2.3/kW/yr Variable 0.09- 0.19/kW/yr SMES6 925-1720 Fixed $4.30/kW/yrl 1000 (target) 90+ 30 (esffmare)
Q .. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. The capitol ond operllfing costs ond the efficiency ore bused on·the Chino substolkm operoted by Southern eorornio Edison Co. The levelized energy costs ore token from: Colifomio Energy Commission, Energy Technology Status Report Appendix A: Volume II, P50Q-9(J.()03A, June 1991. The cost represents tt,e currenlcosfm custom fubrlcllfion for o 10 MW/40 MW/h bollery system. The system is desned for 4 hrs m storage. The bolleries ore not expected to lost os long os the battery pion!. The cost fur bollery replacement is not included in the system costs. The Elecliic Power Research Institute (EPRI) target costs for leod-ocid bollerles assume o production rote of ten 2Q.MW units per yeor. The numbers were token from o presell' lotion by Dr. R. Schoinker of EPRI enli1led "Superconduding Mogneffc Energy Storoge (SMES) ," Beneftt Assessment Workshop, Oct. 18, 1990. The costs assume $125/kW plus $170 (leod-ocid)jkWh or $100/kWh (advanced) operllfing fur 3 h. It is difficult to estimole on efficiency of compressed oir energy storage. The efficiency is o function m two fuctors: the charging energy rote ond the heot role. The charging energy role ronges from 0.8-1.2 kWh/kWh. The heat rn1e varies from 480D-6500 Btu/kWh. This is based on using noturol gos to heat ond expand the olreody compressed oir to generole electrical power. lnfurmllfion on superconduding mogneffc energy storoge (SMES) token from Sloroge Technology's Making the Most of Renewables. Presen1ed ot the Environmenlol Protedion lnformllfion Conference, October 24, 1991. The numbers ore based on 10 hrs of storage. Bused on the esffmo1ed cost fur o 1000 MWH fucility with 4 h m storage.
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DSM Pocket Guideboolc Volume 5: Ren
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DSM Pocket Guidebook Volume 5: Rene
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CONTENTS Brief# Page No. Foreword .
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FOREWORD In previous years of low-c
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PREFACE TO THE POCKET GUIDEBOOK .IN
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construction leod lime, environment
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SECT I O N 1 RENEWABLE RESOURCES FO
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Renewable and fossil technologies t
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• FOR MORE INFORMATION PUBLICATIO
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·solor Thermal O.OBQ- 40 10Q-200MW
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.. Th 4 z 00 [ 0 u o "5l
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and be brought on-line quick during
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potential is loroted of 4540 ses ra
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Table R-2. Types of Turbines versus
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... Trash rack (keeps fish and debr
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R E N E W ABLE B R I E F 2 BIOMASS
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• MARKET OUTLOOK FOR BIOMASS Curr
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finding o suitable site. The time r
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Table R-4. Biomass: Costs Levelized
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RENEWABL E B RIE F 3 MUNICIPAL SOLI
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• RESOURCE ASSESSMENT The MSW res
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ORGANIZATIONS Northern Stutes Power
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R .o Figure R-9. R111ge of 1991
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cycle produces 20% to 30% more powe
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develop 3 to 30 MW plants in the No
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Muffler, U.P., Assessment of Geothe
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c:oLv
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RENEWABLE BRIEF 5 SOLAR THERMAL CEN
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Central receivers do not produce em
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co ::s Figure R-12. Schematic of
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::3 ... .,. 12 g 17.9 19.2 ()16.2 .
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.RESOURCE ASSESSMENT Sites with ove
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Table R-8. Solar Thermal Parabolic
Page 70 and 71: R E N E W ABLE B R I E F 7 SOLAR TH
Page 72 and 73: • FOR MORE INFORMATION ORGANIZATI
Page 74 and 75: RENEWABLE BRIEF 8 SALT GRADIENT SOL
Page 76 and 77: • CURRENT COSTS AND TRENDS Curren
Page 78 and 79: .. .. Gradient zone Salt - - - 20%
Page 80 and 81: RENEWABLE BRIEF 9 WIND POWER .INTRO
Page 82 and 83: VERTICAL-AXIS WIND TURBINES Turbine
Page 84 and 85: • Remote locations where diesel g
Page 86 and 87: Wind Energy Resource Ados of the Un
Page 88 and 89: .. Table R-12. Technology Status Be
Page 90 and 91: Airfoil Blade Hub Smart Sophisticat
Page 92 and 93: 140 +--Jet airplane 1 oo +Industria
Page 94 and 95: assembling different quantities of
Page 96 and 97: • Rest urea funs and lighls • R
Page 98 and 99: of land 100 miles on a side in Neva
Page 100 and 101: Table R-13. Photovoltaks: Costs Lev
Page 102 and 103: .. Table R·14. Comparison of Prina
Page 104 and 105: PV Technology Efficiency Table R-15
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Page 108 and 109: SECTION 2 STORAGE AND RELATED TECHN
Page 110 and 111: RENEWABLE BRIEF 1 1 ELECTRIC ENERGY
Page 112 and 113: of CAES storage. To generate power,
Page 114 and 115: BATTERIES The utility battery syste
Page 116 and 117: • LAND AREA REQUIREMENTS 8ATIERIE
Page 118 and 119: "' Figure R-24. Locations of geo
Page 122 and 123: Surface reservoir 0 Porous sands
Page 124 and 125: Fuel cells offer some significant o
Page 126 and 127: severe environmental constminls, of
Page 128 and 129: ., Table R·19. Comparison of Fuel
Page 130 and 131: Table R-20. Fuel Cells: Costs Capit
Page 132 and 133: output waveform. The output of a sq
Page 134 and 135: SECTION 3 RENEWABLE OPTIONS FOR BUI
Page 136 and 137: Tobie R-22 identifies the load mana
Page 138 and 139: R E N EWABLE B R I E F 1 4 (update
Page 140 and 141: DRAIN DOWN SYSTEMS In these systems
Page 142 and 143: Table R-24. Solar Water Heaters: Co
Page 144 and 145: 800 600 DHW energy use (kWh/househo
Page 146 and 147: windows varies throughout the count
Page 148 and 149: Table R-25. Passive Solar Design: C
Page 150 and 151: E 0 () ..., "" Figure R-29. Ratio
Page 152 and 153: & () Figure 31. Annual salar savi
Page 154 and 155: R E N EWABL E B R I E F 1 6 INTEGRA
Page 156 and 157: Table R-26.1ntegrated Commercial De
Page 158 and 159: As o resu, GHPs ore gaining widespr
Page 160 and 161: Table R-27. Heat Pumps: Costs and B
Page 162 and 163: REN E WABLE B R I E F 1 8 (Update t
Page 164 and 165: Photovoltoir:s Systems Design Assis
Page 166: #. t. Printed with a renewable sour
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