DSM Pocket Guidebook Volume 5: Renewable and Related ... - NREL

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Table R-1. Economks of <strong>Renewable</strong> Options for Utibty·Scale Generation Current Capital Operational Levelized Cost Capacity Typkal Size Cost Cost of Eledridty Fodor per ($/kWh)! ($/kWh) (%) Installation ($/kW) Current Projected Current Projected (1990s) (2000) (1990s) (2000) Convenfionol 170Q- 0.028- 0.028- ""' Hydropower 2070 - 0.002 0.063 0.063 4Q-50 >34MW Direct 60Q- Biomass 2400 83.00/kW/yr 0.079 0.074 70-85 30MW Combusfion Municipol Solid Waste 310Q- (direct burn) 5100 - - - - 5Q-80 9·80MW Geothermal 169Q- 0.02- 0.057- 0.047 Flash 2130 1900 0.04 0.064 0.055 8D-90 Under 50MW Geothermal 0.02- 0.057- 0.047 Binary 2400 2087 0.035 0.064 0.055 BD-90 Under SOMW
·solor Thermal O.OBQ- 40 10Q-200MW Central Receivers - 3300 - - 0.10 (estimated) (plonned) Solar Thermal 0.09- 0.08-- Pombolic Trough 3010 2200 0.018 0.13 0.10 36 Up to BOMW Solar Thermal 0.15 23 5-25 kW Pombolic Dishes - - - 0.30 (estimated) (projected) - Small Systems 300Q-6000 -Lorge Systems 1700 .. Solor Ponds 1,9002 - 0.01 0.015- 0.08- 70-90 70kW 0.30 0.10 Wind 1010 750 0.016 0.075 0.040 2Q-30 15Q-500 kW 0.050 (machines) Photovoltoics BOOQ- 400Q- 0.36- 0.18- 25-35 Up to 500 kW 15,000 5000 0.005 0.68 0.22 Note: doshes indkate that data is not available (see the indiviluol briefs for more informotlon) 1. Unless otherwise noted. 2. Cost of engine only. See Brief B.
Page 1 and 2: DSM Pocket Guideboolc Volume 5: Ren
Page 3 and 4: DSM Pocket Guidebook Volume 5: Rene
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS Brief# Page No. Foreword .
Page 7 and 8: FOREWORD In previous years of low-c
Page 9 and 10: PREFACE TO THE POCKET GUIDEBOOK .IN
Page 11 and 12: construction leod lime, environment
Page 13 and 14: SECT I O N 1 RENEWABLE RESOURCES FO
Page 15 and 16: Renewable and fossil technologies t
Page 17: • FOR MORE INFORMATION PUBLICATIO
Page 21 and 22: .. Th 4 z 00 [ 0 u o "5l
Page 23 and 24: and be brought on-line quick during
Page 25 and 26: potential is loroted of 4540 ses ra
Page 27 and 28: Table R-2. Types of Turbines versus
Page 29 and 30: ... Trash rack (keeps fish and debr
Page 31 and 32: R E N E W ABLE B R I E F 2 BIOMASS
Page 33 and 34: • MARKET OUTLOOK FOR BIOMASS Curr
Page 35 and 36: finding o suitable site. The time r
Page 37: Table R-4. Biomass: Costs Levelized
Page 41 and 42: RENEWABL E B RIE F 3 MUNICIPAL SOLI
Page 43 and 44: • RESOURCE ASSESSMENT The MSW res
Page 45 and 46: ORGANIZATIONS Northern Stutes Power
Page 48 and 49: R .o Figure R-9. R111ge of 1991
Page 50 and 51: cycle produces 20% to 30% more powe
Page 52 and 53: develop 3 to 30 MW plants in the No
Page 54 and 55: Muffler, U.P., Assessment of Geothe
Page 56 and 57: c:oLv
Page 58 and 59: RENEWABLE BRIEF 5 SOLAR THERMAL CEN
Page 60 and 61: Central receivers do not produce em
Page 62 and 63: co ::s Figure R-12. Schematic of
Page 64 and 65: ::3 ... .,. 12 g 17.9 19.2 ()16.2 .
Page 66 and 67: .RESOURCE ASSESSMENT Sites with ove
Page 68 and 69:
Table R-8. Solar Thermal Parabolic
Page 70 and 71:
R E N E W ABLE B R I E F 7 SOLAR TH
Page 72 and 73:
• FOR MORE INFORMATION ORGANIZATI
Page 74 and 75:
RENEWABLE BRIEF 8 SALT GRADIENT SOL
Page 76 and 77:
• CURRENT COSTS AND TRENDS Curren
Page 78 and 79:
.. .. Gradient zone Salt - - - 20%
Page 80 and 81:
RENEWABLE BRIEF 9 WIND POWER .INTRO
Page 82 and 83:
VERTICAL-AXIS WIND TURBINES Turbine
Page 84 and 85:
• Remote locations where diesel g
Page 86 and 87:
Wind Energy Resource Ados of the Un
Page 88 and 89:
.. Table R-12. Technology Status Be
Page 90 and 91:
Airfoil Blade Hub Smart Sophisticat
Page 92 and 93:
140 +--Jet airplane 1 oo +Industria
Page 94 and 95:
assembling different quantities of
Page 96 and 97:
• Rest urea funs and lighls • R
Page 98 and 99:
of land 100 miles on a side in Neva
Page 100 and 101:
Table R-13. Photovoltaks: Costs Lev
Page 102 and 103:
.. Table R·14. Comparison of Prina
Page 104 and 105:
PV Technology Efficiency Table R-15
Page 106 and 107:
"'
Page 108 and 109:
SECTION 2 STORAGE AND RELATED TECHN
Page 110 and 111:
RENEWABLE BRIEF 1 1 ELECTRIC ENERGY
Page 112 and 113:
of CAES storage. To generate power,
Page 114 and 115:
BATTERIES The utility battery syste
Page 116 and 117:
• LAND AREA REQUIREMENTS 8ATIERIE
Page 118 and 119:
"' Figure R-24. Locations of geo
Page 120 and 121:
Table R-18. Storage Power: Costs Le
Page 122 and 123:
Surface reservoir 0 Porous sands
Page 124 and 125:
Fuel cells offer some significant o
Page 126 and 127:
severe environmental constminls, of
Page 128 and 129:
., Table R·19. Comparison of Fuel
Page 130 and 131:
Table R-20. Fuel Cells: Costs Capit
Page 132 and 133:
output waveform. The output of a sq
Page 134 and 135:
SECTION 3 RENEWABLE OPTIONS FOR BUI
Page 136 and 137:
Tobie R-22 identifies the load mana
Page 138 and 139:
R E N EWABLE B R I E F 1 4 (update
Page 140 and 141:
DRAIN DOWN SYSTEMS In these systems
Page 142 and 143:
Table R-24. Solar Water Heaters: Co
Page 144 and 145:
800 600 DHW energy use (kWh/househo
Page 146 and 147:
windows varies throughout the count
Page 148 and 149:
Table R-25. Passive Solar Design: C
Page 150 and 151:
E 0 () ..., "" Figure R-29. Ratio
Page 152 and 153:
& () Figure 31. Annual salar savi
Page 154 and 155:
R E N EWABL E B R I E F 1 6 INTEGRA
Page 156 and 157:
Table R-26.1ntegrated Commercial De
Page 158 and 159:
As o resu, GHPs ore gaining widespr
Page 160 and 161:
Table R-27. Heat Pumps: Costs and B
Page 162 and 163:
REN E WABLE B R I E F 1 8 (Update t
Page 164 and 165:
Photovoltoir:s Systems Design Assis
Page 166:
#. t. Printed with a renewable sour
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