Dimensions and Design of swimming pool fences and balcony - ANEC

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Table 4 - Anthropometric variables. Objective Reaching/Scaling PassingThrough Grasping,strengthandbodymass Selectedvariables MaximumVerticalReachingHeight AcromialeDactylionLength TrochanterionHeight Stature HeadCircumference BiparietalBreadth APChestBreadth MidstylionDactylionLength Handgrip Weight 3.4 Variables description The anthropometric measures were obtained according to ISAK (2006), with two exceptions - the maximum vertical reaching height and the biparietal breadth, and included: stature, weight, head circumference (HC), biparietal breadth (BB), anterior-posterior chest breadth (APCB), midstylion-dactylion length (MDL), acromiale-dactylion length (ADL), trochanterion height (TH) and maximum vertical reaching height (MVRH). Figure 2 presents the protocol used to measure the different anthropometric variables selected. Stature: the child assumes a standing position with the arms hanging by the sides backing the anthropometer, bare-footed with the heels together and the feet extremities separated approximately 60º. Weight must be equally distributed on both feet and the head placed in the Frankfurt plan, which means that the horizontal plan passes through the tragion point (the notch superior to the tragus of the ear) and through the orbitale point (lower edge of the eye socket). At the moment of the measurement the child must adopt an erect position and must inhale deeply (Fig. 2). Weight: The child, bare-footed and with light clothes, is put on the centre of the weighing scale with his weight well distributed on both feet and looking forward assuming a relaxed standing position with the arms hanging by the sides (Fig. 2). 40 Faculdade de Motricidade Humana Universidade Técnica de Lisboa
Stature Weight Head Circumference (HC) Biparietal Breadth (BB) Anterior-Posterior Chest Breadth (APCB) Midstylion -Dactylion Lenght (MDL) Acromiale- Dactylion Lenght (ADL) Trochanterion Height (TH) Maximum Vertical Reaching Height (MVRH) Handgrip Figure 2 – Anthropometric variables. Head Circumference (HC): The child assumes a relaxed standing position with the arms hanging by the sides and the head in the Frankfurt plan. The measure is taken perpendicularly to the head longitudinal axis, in the horizontal plan, immediately over the glabella (mid-point between the brow ridges) (Fig. 2). Biparietal Breadth (BB): The child assumes a relaxed standing position with the arms hanging by the sides and the head in the Frankfurt plan. The measure is taken perpendicularly to the head longitudinal axis, between the most lateral portions of parietal bones (Fig. 2). Anterior-Posterior Chest Breadth (APCB): The child assumes a relaxed standing position, with the arms hanging by the sides. The measure is taken at end-tidal expiration and obtained between mesoesternale point (point located on the corpus sterni at the level of articulation of the 4 th chondrosternal articulation) and the spinous process of the vertebra located at the same level on a plan parallel to the floor, and Dimensions and design of swimming pool fences and balcony and stairs barreirs to protect children from falling and from passing through, bellow or above 41
Page 1 and 2: Dimensions and Design of swimming p
Page 3: PROJECT TEAM Carlos Neto Faculty of
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS 1. PROBLEM 1 Background 3
Page 9 and 10: FIGURES Fig. 1. 8 A gap of 11 cm al
Page 11 and 12: TABLES Table 1. 9 Recommended spaci
Page 13 and 14: 1. PROBLEM Dimensions and design of
Page 15 and 16: 1.1 Background Climbing is a natura
Page 17 and 18: 2. LITERATURE RESEARCH Dimensions a
Page 19 and 20: 2.1 Reference values Safety barrier
Page 21 and 22: The French standard (NF P 01-012),
Page 23 and 24: 2.2 Morphological Characterization
Page 25 and 26: the same bone. This small differenc
Page 27 and 28: will not be the case in older “wa
Page 29 and 30: climbing they can reach new places
Page 31 and 32: Age (years) 7-9 10-14 Climbingbe
Page 33 and 34: y strong children. Even daily activ
Page 35 and 36: and physical characteristics of the
Page 37 and 38: 2.3.7 Risk and risk-taking From a c
Page 39 and 40: show that some context-related vari
Page 41 and 42: perhaps because of poorer precautio
Page 43 and 44: 3. METHODS Dimensions and design of
Page 45 and 46: 3.1 Participants Ninety eight child
Page 47 and 48: Table 3. Description of the barrier
Page 49 and 50: Table 3. Description of the barrier
Page 51: Table 3. Description of the barrier
Page 55 and 56: 3.5 Standard and reference norms Mo
Page 57 and 58: After 150 s, in groups 1 and 2, the
Page 59 and 60: 3 - HUW - Head under waist - the ch
Page 61 and 62: 4. RESULTS Dimensions and design of
Page 63 and 64: 4.1 Crossing different barriers: su
Page 65 and 66: caregivers should pay special atten
Page 67 and 68: Table 5 - Grouping crossings for 9-
Page 69 and 70: Table 6 - Grouping crossings for 36
Page 71 and 72: equipped with different kinds of ba
Page 73 and 74: Percentage of crossings 100% 90% 80
Page 75 and 76: Table 9 - Influence of morphologica
Page 77 and 78: Table 13 - Influence of morphologic
Page 79 and 80: Table 17 - Morphological variables
Page 81 and 82: Table 18 - Correlations between tim
Page 83 and 84: Ratio Strength / Weight 0,50 0,45 0

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