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Annual Site Environmental Report for 1999 Abstract The primary ob~ectives of groundwater ,monitoring at the Paducah Site are to detect contamination and provid~ the basIs for ground~ater quality assessments if contamination is detected. Monitoring includes the ~Xlt pathways at t~e pe,,'!"eter of th~ plant and off-site water wells. Primary off-site contaminants contmue to be TeE, an mdustflal degreasmg solvent, and 99 Tc, a fission by-product. Evidence suggests the presence of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPL) on-site. Introduction Monitoring and protection of groundwater resources at the Paducah Site are required by federal and state regulations and by DOE orders. Federal groundwater regulations generally are enacted and enforced by EPA. The Paducah Site lies within EPA Region N jurisdiction. EPA Region N encompasses the southeastern United States and maintains headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. Many state groundwater regulations are enacted and enforced by KDWM in Frankfort, Kentucky. A KDWM field office for western Kentucky is located in Paducah. When Offsite contamination from the Paducah Site was discovered in 1988, the -EPA and DGE,entered i into 'an ACO. DOE provided an alternate water supply to affected· residences. Under CERCLA, IDOE is also required to determine the nature and extent of offsite contamination through sampling of potentially affected wells and a comprehensive site investigation. A CERCLAI ACO site investigation, completed in 1991, determined offsite contaminants in the RGA to be TCE, used as an industrial degreasing solvent, and 99'fc, a fission byproduct contained in nuclear power reactor returns that were brought on-site several years ago for reenrichment. Such reactor returns are no longer enriched. Known or suspected sources of TCE and 99'fc include burial grounds, former test areas and other facilities, spills, leaks, and leachate derived from contaminated scrap metal. Investigations into the onsite source areas of TCEat the Paducah Site are ongoing. A common degreasing agent, TCE is considered a dense non~aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL). DNAPLs typically have low solubilities in water and sink to the bottom of aquifers or come to rest upon a less permeable layer within an aquifer, fomiingpools. These DNAPL pools form a continuing source for dissolved-phase contamination (plumes) that are migrating offsite toward the Ohio River (Figure 9.1). DNAPL pools are extremely difficult to clean up and currently only the highest concentrations of dissolved TCE are controlled by pump-and-treat Groundwater 9-1
Paducah Site 2OOO'~~~0ii;;;;;;;;iiiiiiiiiiiii2000 Feet IY' PGOP Fence ~ Figure 9.1 Off-site extension of groundwater plumes. 'OOE Boundary Estimated TeE plume boundary> 10,000 ug/L Estimated TeE plume boundary> 5 ug/L Estimated To-99 plume boundary > 25 pCi/L 9-2 Groundwater
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Units of Radiation Measure Current
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Paducah; Site Contents Figures ....
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Paducah Site Figures Figure Page 1.
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Paducah Site Table Page 9.5 Summary
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Paducah· Site DNAPL DNFSB DOE DOJ
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Paducah Site mgd mg/d mg/L Min ml m
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Paducah Site TSCA TUa TUc Toxic Sub
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Paducah Site xiv
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Paducah Site environment, and the P
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Paducah Site I' Figure 1.2 The Padu
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Paducah Site Upland mixed hardwoods
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Paducah Site 1-8 Site Operation and
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Paducah Site Table 2.1 Environmenta
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Paducah Site longer than one year.
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Paducah Site Comprehensive Environm
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Paducah Site Places, although there
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Paducah Site i- 2-10 DOE activities
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Paducah Site that in the toxicity t
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Paducah Site Paducah Site did not r
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Paducah Site maintain records of sy
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Paducah Site 2-18 Environmental Com
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Paducah Site operations and waste m
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Paducah Site Northwest Plume Ground
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Paducah Site L-____ S_it_e_p_r~i~o-
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Paducah Site . , ,. .'i WAG 28 17he
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Page 86 and 87: Paducah Site The 50-year CEDE (inte
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Surface Water Radiological Data Ann
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Deer Radiological Data Annual Site
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Direct Gamma Radiation (TLD) Data A
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KPDES Outfal/s Non-Radiological Dat
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Surface Water Non-Radiological Data
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Deer Non-Radiological Data Annual S
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DOE Special Investigations Data Ann
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Conversions Multiply by to obtain M
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