A Socio-Economic Profile of the Rufiji Floodplain and Delta.

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Socio-economic profile of Rufiji flood plain and Delta - Vol. 1 3.2.2 Agriculture Prices of various crops in an area are important in determining the income accrued from agriculture. Prices together with the amount produced by a particular household will determine the gross income generated. Table 17 shows the mean prices of various crops grown by farmers in the flood plain and Delta. There is a large variation in prices within the AEZ, as indicated by the standard deviations. The crops with high overall price variation are maize, cassava, cowpeas and rice. Lowest price variation is noted in coconut and pumpkins. There is no clear reason explaining price variations. However, there are only two crops that show significant differences in price within the AEZ. These are Rice (F=2.091, p=0.07) and cashew nut (F=35.6, p=0.00). The results above suggest two main conclusions. Firstly, the variation in prices among the households shows that prices are negotiated between private buyers and households. Secondly average prices charged, among the AEZ with respect to many crops are not statistically different. Table 17: Unit prices of various crops per unit by AEZ (1999/2000 cropping season) AEZ Rice Maize Cassava Pumpkin Cowpeas Pigeon Coconut Cashew Sesame (Tsh/ (Bag/bag) (Bag/bag) (Tsh/ (Kg/Kg) peas (Nut/nut or nuts (Kg/kg) bag) piece) (Bag/bag) piece) (Kg/Kg) Inner Delta Mean 11000.0 10285.7 4833.3 250.0 275.0 12000.0 27.50 407.1 292.2 North N 14 7 6 1 2 1 2 21 9 Inner Delta South Delta North Delta South Std. Dev. 5114.1 4498.7 1169.0 . 176.8 . 10.6 69.7 121.1 Mean 11601.5 9933.3 7500.0 100.5 150.0 465.5 N 10 3 2 4 1 10 Std. Dev. 6749.9 7072.0 6364.0 107.4 . 64.7 Mean 9812.5 20000.0 31.7 500.0 N 8 1 3 1 Std. Dev. 4423.5 . 16.0 . Mean 7714.3 6000.0 5625.0 400.0 22.5 490.0 N 7 1 4 1 4 5 Std. Dev. 2360.4 . 2495.8 . 2.9 572.7 North Mean 12750.0 11500.0 4000.0 50.0 395.0 346.2 Flood Plain N 8 4 1 1 6 8 Std. Dev. 4334.2 6191.4 . . 146.1 113.1 South Mean 11500.0 9583.3 96.0 5260.0 303.3 Flood Plain N 3 6 5 5 3 Std. Dev. 1802.8 3555.5 55.5 11037.1 134.3 West Mean 12312.5 8833.3 8000.0 200.0 413.0 390.6 Valley N 8 6 1 3 10 8 Total Std. Dev. 3654.1 2714.2 . 0.0 123.5 123.9 Mean 10991.6 10153.6 5607.1 127.3 3044.4 12000.0 26.7 420.8 341.0 N 58 28 14 14 9 1 9 56 25 Std. Dev. 4741.4 4597.2 2558.4 83.9 8235.3 . 10.00 182.3 121.74 Source Survey data, (2000) Standard deviations indicate that variation in gross income (from agriculture) is high. The highest mean income in the survey area is from cowpeas, coconut, rice, maize and cashew nuts. However all these crops high a variation in price (Table 18). 20
Socio-economic profile of Rufiji flood plain and Delta - Vol. 1 Table 18: Gross value of output for various crops by AEZ AEZ Maize Cassava Pumpkin Cowpeas Pigeon Coconut Cashew Sesame Rice peas nut Inner Mean 69,571 73,000 25,000 13,500 6,000.0 27,000 79,804 57,811 137,286 Delta N 7 6 1 2 1 2 21 9 14 North Std. Dev. 48,449 112,374 . 14,849 . 18,385 91,823 82,822 129,75 4 Inner Mean 100,933 18,000 51,250 126,000 60,660 197,815 Delta N 3 2 4 1 10 10 South Std. 69,012 16,971 43,277 43,765 152,947 Dev. Delta Mean 20,000 614,667 1,250,000 332,750 North N 1 3 1 8 Std. . 1,026,56 . 288,155 Dev. 0 Delta Mean 30,000 16,875 48,000 82,437.5 30,200 91,143 South N 1 4 1 4 5 7 Std. . 5,893 78,541 35,245 45,707 Dev. North Mean 96,000 24,000 6,500 77,800 31,700 162,500 Flood N 4 1 1 6 7 8 Plain Std. 67,171 . . 77,201 17,520 106,234 Dev. South Mean 138,500 77,900 8,442,400 14,467 82,833 Flood N 6 5 5 3 3 Plain Std. 172,336. 125,303 18,759,386 13,515 76,561 Dev. 9 West Mean 63,166.7 40,000 66,667 66,690 29,750 151,625 Valley N 6 1 3 10 8 8 Std. 48,010.1 . 30,551 105,580 23,640 131,616 Dev. Total Mean 86,921.4 43,250 59,000 4,712,555.6 6,000.0 247,527 86,796 40,842 171,753 N 28 14 14 9 1 9 56 24 58 Std. 91,744.8 75,080 76,663 13,982,909 . 584,930 176,762 53,075 164,321 Dev. Source: Survey data (2000) Loses and strategies for Improving crop production When the respondents were asked about their understanding on the proportion of crop losses their responses are as reported in table 19. Table 19: Amount of main crop lost each season by AEZ Extent of loss/AEZ Less than a quarter A quarter to a half More than a half Inner Delta North (n=44) Inner Delta South (n=15) Delta North (n=26) Delta South (n=30) North Flood Plain (24) South Flood Plain (n=13) West Valley (n=30) Total (n=182 Percent of respondents 43.2 6.7 65.4 63.3 20.8 10.0 35.2 38.6 66.7 26.9 33.3 45.8 53.8 36.7 40.1 18.2 26.7 7.7 3.3 33.3 46.2 53.3 24.7 Source: Survey data, 2000 The survey area crop lost each year is estimated at a quarter to half of main harvests (40%, Table 19). 24.7 % of respondents indicated they lose more than a half of crops. However, there is variation in the estimated crop losses within the AEZ: West valley (53.3% of respondents), South flood plain (46.2% of respondents) and North flood plain (33.3% of respondents) lost more than a half of their harvests in the season 1999/2000. As was noted in the literature review (see section 2.3.1) destruction of crops by vermin is one of the main factors explaining low productivity of agriculture. This is supported by the 21
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A Socio-Economic Profile of the Rufiji Floodplain and Delta.

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