Topic 1 - Matter and Energy - Revsworld

Concept Task: Be able to determine an element that has
the greatest or least tendency to attract electrons.
To Determine which element has:
Greatest attraction for electrons (Most likely to gain)
Choose elements with the HIGHEST electronegativity value
Least attraction for electrons (Least likely to gain)
Choose element with the LOWEST electronegativity value
USE Reference Table S to locate electronegativity values
Concept Task: Be able to determine which element has
the greatest or the least tendency to lose
electrons.
To determine which element has:
25. Allotropes: Definitions, facts, and examples
Allotropes refer to two or more different molecular forms of the same element in the solid state.
Allotropes of the same element have different molecular structures.
. Differences in molecular structures give allotropes of the same element different
physical properties (color, shape, density, mass) AND different chemical properties (reactivity).
.
Topic 2 - The Periodic Table
24. Trend in ionization and electronegativity energy:
Determining element with greatest or least tendency
Greatest tendency to lose electrons
Choose elements with the LOWEST ionization energy value
Least tendency to lose electrons
Choose element with the HIGHEST ionization energy value
USE Reference Table S to locate ionization energy values
Example 13
Which of these elements is most likely
to attract electrons from another atom
during chemical bonding?
1) Fe 2) P 3) Al 4) Fr
Before choosing:
Use Reference Table S to find and note
electronegativity value of each atom.
Fe P Al Fr
1.8 2.2 1.6 0.7
Answer: Choice 2 because phosphorous
has the highest electronegativity
value of the four atoms.
Example 14
Which of the following elements has
greatest tendency to lose its valance
electrons?
1) Be 2) S 3) Ne 4) Ca
Before choosing:
Use Reference table S to find and note
the ionization energy value for each
choice of atom.
Be S Ne Ca
900 1000 2081 590
Answer: Choice 4 because calcium has
the lowest ionization energy
value. Therefore, it will lose its
electrons the easiest.
Examples of some common allotropes: Study to remember them
Oxygen allotropes: Air (O 2 ) and Ozone (O 3 )
O 2 and O 3 , although both considered oxygen, have different molecular ,
structures and different chemical and physical properties.
Carbon allotropes: Diamond, graphite, and buckminsterfullerene
Although all three are element carbon, diamond, graphite, and fullerene have
different molecular structures and different chemical and physical characteristics.
Copyright © 2011 E3 Scholastic Publishing. All Rights Reserved. 45