Flute acoustics: measurement, modelling and design - School of ...

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4.4 Conclusions and further directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
V Impedance spectra of the flute and clarinet ......................... 69
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
5.2 Materials and methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
5.3 Results and discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
VI Material and surface effects .................................. 97
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
6.2 Materials and methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
6.3 Results and discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
6.4 Further investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102
VII The embouchure hole and player corrections ........................ 103
7.1 Player impedance corrections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
7.2 Modern flute tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
7.3 Correction factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106
7.4 Application to the classical flute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
7.5 Conclusions and further directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108
VIII Software implementation .................................... 111
8.1 The impedance model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
8.2 The user interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
IX Applications and further directions .............................. 127
9.1 Adding a new hole to the modern flute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
9.2 Eight-key flute by Rudall & Rose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132
9.3 Conclusions and further directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138
Appendix A — Impedance spectra ................................. 141
Appendix B—Program listings .................................. 195
Appendix C — Quantifying music ................................. 337
References ............................................... 339