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Fishing debris accounted for 18.3% of the petrochemical debris; gillnet floats alone comprised 15.0% of the total petrochemical debris. Fishing net fragments (35 trawl net fragments, 27 gillnet of the total petrochemical debris observed (Fig. 5). fragments, 3 unknown net fragments) were minor components As the results of collecting the fishing net fragments, weight of two fishing net fragments were more than several hundred kilograms. They consisted of many kinds of trawl nets, gillnet, ropes, and other strings, and those fragments were bound (Photo 1). net fragments were mainly observed from June 24 to 30 in 1989 while cruising in the central North Pacific (Fig. 6). 79 Density of marine debris Fishing Density (number/km 2 ) of marine debris was high in the center of North Pacific (about 160°W line from 40°N to Hawaii, l.0/km 2 ) and off North America (0.6/km 2 ). It was low in the Bering Sea. offshore area off Alaska, Kamchatka and Kurile Islands (under 0.2/km2). The highest densities of marine debris occurred in the northeastern area off Hawaii (1.4/km 2 ) and the coastal area off northern Japan (1.3/km 2 ). Distribution of plastic debris density were similar to that of total debris density except off California (Table 2). Distribution characteristics of marine debris Percentages of marine debris observed in the North Pacific and Bering Sea are shown in Table 3. Percentage of wood and natural log were higher than 14.4% in the Bering Sea, offshore area off Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Kamchatka, and Kurile Islands except high latitude (47°N line) of western North Pacific (53.1%). On the other hand, percentage of petrochemical products were higher than 82.1% off northern Japan, central North Pacific, and in the north eastern area off Hawaii and low, less than 46.7%, off California, Alaska Bay, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea, off Kamchatka, and Kurile Islands. Discussion Distribution of total density of marine debris in this study was similar to results of Mio et al. and Day et al. Density of wood and natural log were higher in the north area and lower in the middle area of North Pacific. On the contrary, density of petrochemical products was higher in the middle area and lower in the north area of North Pacific. This result may be related to human population and number of towns. Matsumura et al. reported that marine debris in the North Pacific may accumulate in the northeastern area off Hawaii. Density of marine debris was highest off northern Japan and in the northeastern area off Hawaii. This tendency was shown on change of daily number of Styrofoam, vinyl, polyethylene, plastic observed in 1989's survey (Fig. 7) and 1990's survey (Fig. 8). Furthermore, many fishing net fragments were observed in the northeastern area off Hawaii. Kuroshio extension flows to the central North Pacific (Favorite et al. 1976) Matsumura et al. indicated that a large gyre current exists in northeast area off Hawaii. The northeastern area off Hawaii is recognized as an
80 accumulation place of marine debris in the North Pacific. Marine debris gathered in this area may be difficult to get out. It is necessary to clean up the debris, especially large debris and dangerous debris for ships, such as huge fishing net fragments, in this area. We collected about 30 fishing net fragments in this area in 1989. Clean up is considered to be possible. Acknowledgements We thank the crew of R/V Shunyo-maru for cooperation of research activity.
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NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC
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NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks to
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INTRODUCTION During the early 1970s
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Sunday. May 8 Monday. May 9 3 PROGR
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5 0930-1000 - J.E. Winston, M.R. Gr
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Thursday, May 12 1330 - 1330-1345 -
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1100-1145 - Session IV: Working Gro
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13 SESSION I POSTERS Amounts, Types
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this might imply the early success
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17 set is made, information on the
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19 of the Mackinac Straits in north
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21 "What sample size and sampling f
Page 27 and 28: 23 demarcations for the seasons (Ma
Page 29 and 30: 25 Tsubata, Hideki and Masahiro Mor
Page 31 and 32: 27 little understood. Most stranded
Page 33 and 34: Baba, Norihisa 29 SESSION II POSTER
Page 35 and 36: Cliff, Geremy, Sheldon Dudley and P
Page 37 and 38: Matsumura, Satsuki, Norihisa Baba,
Page 39 and 40: 35 pellet. The only drawback with s
Page 41 and 42: 37/38 contained little except plast
Page 43 and 44: Topping, Paul 40 National Marine Pl
Page 45 and 46: Adcock, Walter 43 SESSION IV POSTER
Page 47 and 48: 45 Bortman, Marci L. and R. Lawrenc
Page 49 and 50: 47 international pilot in 1988, the
Page 51 and 52: 49 were predominantly present as sm
Page 53 and 54: 51 translate this awareness into ef
Page 55 and 56: 53 sources include commercial fishi
Page 57 and 58: 55 The four year survey was designe
Page 59 and 60: Snyder, John Techniques for Prevent
Page 61 and 62: These facts underscore the need for
Page 63 and 64: Zilligen, Jil and Barbara Miller Sa
Page 65 and 66: Bruner, Ronald 64 Eliminating Plast
Page 67 and 68: 66 gained during this USEPA funded
Page 69 and 70: 69 SESSION VI POSTERS Sources of Ma
Page 71 and 72: 71 limits during the Soviet Union e
Page 73 and 74: O'Hara, Kathy Marine Debris Outreac
Page 75 and 76: POSTER MANUSCRIPTS THIRD INTERNATIO
Page 77: 78 Materials and Methods We conduct
Page 81 and 82: Table 1. Outline of sighting survey
Page 83 and 84: Baba, Norihisa 85 SESSION II POSTER
Page 85 and 86: 87 Characteristics of entangled fur
Page 87 and 88: 89 Scheffer,V.B. 1950: Growth layer
Page 89 and 90: 91 Table 2. Biological Data of Fur
Page 91 and 92: 93 Teas, Wendy G. and Wayne N. Witz
Page 93 and 94: Plotkin, P. and A. F. Amos. 1988. E
Page 95 and 96: Mr. William Bailey, Program Manager
Page 97 and 98: Mr. Diego Diaz-Martin, Biologist FU
Page 99 and 100: Ms. Dana Kubinski Researcher, Litte
Page 101 and 102: Mr. Rodney Paterson, SNR Advisor En
Page 103 and 104: Ms. Anne Smrcina, Education- Coordi
Page 105: 108 Mr. Steve Wise 110 Crest Ann Ar
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