FINAL REPORT

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Concerningclimate change the following issues were observed: • weather is becoming dry, windy, with less precipitation, and sudden temperature drops • less mosquito plagues in the farming region in recent years encourages herders to stay close to thecrop fields with their livestock without migration, thus creating all sorts of difficulties • caragana bushes are cleared for new farmlands thereby changing water flows and causing desertification 13.2.5 Important Issues forImproving Crop Farming, Expectations from a Development Project supporting irrigated Agriculture and additional Ideas and Questions asked from the Team The farmers consider thefollowing issues important for improving crop farming: • arrange present haphazard irrigation channels and ditches to a well organized system • apply various soil protection measures • plant trees for the protection of farmlands • renew seeds and improve varieties • offer training and workshops on cultivation, processing and marketing • renew agriculture machineries and technologies and introduce new techniques • offer instructions and training courses on how to apply fertilizer (a farmer purchased nitrate fertilizer but both -trader and farmer -had no prior experience of application and the product had no instruction, therefore the farmer used it according to his own estimation) • create conditions that would allow farmland rotation • restrictions /limitations on cheap imported crops Following responses were given to the question of “What would you expect from an irrigation project implemented in Khovd aimag?” • support in solving water scarcity • establish proper irrigation channels, ditches and systems • financial support and other supplementary benefits for crop cultivation (e.g. provide low interest and long term loans) • enable access to reasonable fertilizers • conduct training and seminars in operating cooperatives 110
• support in marketing • support in development of small processing enterprises • coordinate land overload along water sources • there are many projects aimimig at supporting agriculture but many do not reach the people in need –therefore, well organized projects with participation of the local population are needed 13.3 Summary The main findings of field research in the irrigated agriculture of Khovd sum can be summarized as follows: 1. After a significant decrease of the negdel’s cultivation agriculture in the beginning of the transition period, since recent years, private households are increasingly engaged in crop farming, mainly cultivating potatoes, vegetables and melons. Today 39% (334) out of 866 households in Khovd sum are engaged in cultivation agriculture. Thus, next to herding, crop farming is the main livelihood strategy in thesum. 2. In 2005, 35% of the aimag’s cultivated land was located within Khovd sum. The core farming area is located on the territory of Ulaanburaa bag. 3. Surveyed households reported to sell more than 90% of their harvest, showing that cultivation agriculture is already highly market oriented. Average income from crop farming amounts to almost 2million MNTper household. 4. In socialism, the sum’s negdel used to cultivate up to 1,200 ha farmland and by the year 2005 the size of farmland was only 759 ha. Although there are potential land resources for expanding farming activities and the farmers expressed their strong intention to expand cultivation agriculture, further extension seems impossible under the present situation, due to scarcity of irrigation water. 5. 95% of households responded that they face problems with irrigation water scarcity and 86% supported the reconstruction of Janjin Boolt headwork. In other words, there is a strong need for reconstructing theheadwork and improving the irrigation channels and systems. It would enable more households to cultivate -aiming at sustaining and improving their livelihoods -and others to expand their farming activities and the variety of cultivated crops. Moreover, by increasing production, the farmers could also meet rising crop demands of neighbouringaimags. 111
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA CEN
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TABLE OF CONTENT Summary Summary...
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15.2.5 Important Issues for Improvi
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Summary A detailed study about the
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Western Region and to a certain ext
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as physical and ecological informat
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of the SLA is the examination of th
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A separate questionnaire was used t
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Cereals Potatoes Vegetables Fodder
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years with a single extension of up
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Bayan-Ulgii Govi-Altai Zavkhan Uvs
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The aimag is divided into 17 sums a
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Herdsmen Households Total Household
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livestock fodder, and potato cultiv
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Since the mid 1990s, local resident
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In recent years, access to irrigati
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This part of the study aims to desc
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(Figure 15 and 16). The river run-o
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0 C 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,00 -1,001
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Sampling direction Map7: Catchment
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groundwater, because of an open cha
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Sewage plant channel Sewage plant c
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Results of the analysis The positio
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Three samples show a high content o
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83 482.162.349 919.666.361 1171 Iri
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Figure 25:Investigation Area 4:Davs
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10 110 6.45 1.202 1.156 15.6 29.2 4
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113 482.217.440 917.812.501 1224 S(
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For the evaluation of the chemical
Page 59 and 60: IDENT. LATITUDE LONGITUDE Remarks 2
Page 61 and 62: 10.3 Soil Conditions (M. Walther) M
Page 63 and 64: 4. Determination of total content o
Page 65 and 66: 2Ag + +CrO 2- 4 →Ag 2 CrO 4 (s) M
Page 67 and 68: Materials. 0.1M NaOH Eriochrome bla
Page 69 and 70: Cadmium Current ; 8mA/0mA Burner he
Page 71 and 72: Vegetation The areas with desert st
Page 73 and 74: No: Species of Plants (Gubanov, 199
Page 75 and 76: 30 Iris lacteal Abundant Perennial
Page 77 and 78: M 64 Sonchus oleraceus Abundant Ann
Page 79 and 80: No: Life Ranges Plant Species (as E
Page 81 and 82: We compared the records on plants a
Page 83 and 84: 43 Glaux maritime Sp 1 44 Heteropap
Page 85 and 86: 35 Motacilla personata 36 Lanius cr
Page 87 and 88: ‣ As shown by the hydrological an
Page 89 and 90: Single values of the heavy metal di
Page 91 and 92: ppm Figure 31: Total nitrogen 1055
Page 93 and 94: ppm Figure 37: Heavy metal - Zn 145
Page 95 and 96: 12. Summary of Field Research and S
Page 97 and 98: 6,000 5,000 Inhabitants 4,000 3,000
Page 99 and 100: Cultivation Agriculture In Khovd su
Page 101 and 102: members stay at the crop fields. Th
Page 103 and 104: Amount (t) 600 500 400 300 200 100
Page 105 and 106: Thus calculated, on average each ho
Page 107 and 108: 13.2.3 Legal Situation in Land Righ
Page 109: Concerning the question “Are you
Page 113 and 114: Inhabitants 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000
Page 115 and 116: 1995. There are cases of former neg
Page 117 and 118: products marketed in 2005/06. Farme
Page 119 and 120: Further sources of revenue were pen
Page 121 and 122: Constraints and Conflicts Concernin
Page 123 and 124: • limit import of cheap crops The
Page 125 and 126: Chantuu (Uzbek) Durvid 4% 7% Zakhch
Page 127 and 128: households and five cooperatives pl
Page 129 and 130: 15.2.2 Economic Structure and Crop
Page 131 and 132: Crops Potatoes Carrots Tomatoes Cuc
Page 133 and 134: Cooperation among households Concer
Page 135 and 136: ecause their farmlands are located
Page 137 and 138: 15. 3 Summary The main findings of
Page 139 and 140: In 2005, 3,800 households (57%) wer
Page 141 and 142: impoverished households have starte
Page 143 and 144: that they had official employment a
Page 145 and 146: In Jargalant, the number of househo
Page 147 and 148: • high land fee • machinery and
Page 149 and 150: • support in resolving problems w
Page 151 and 152: 17.2 Crop farming for household and
Page 153 and 154: Photos 17-18:Crop Marketing at the
Page 155 and 156: Apart from vegetable and cereal cul
Page 157 and 158: That means that revenues from one h
Page 159 and 160: • raise import tax/bans forvegeta
Page 161 and 162:
and marketing, organization of regu
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more nomadic livestock keepers depe
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unsocial way from sufficient water
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in cities of neighbouring Russian S
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MAS 1990: Information Mongolia: The
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gol Govi-Altai Janjin Boolt Khantun
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9. Budee-Land Officer of Khovd aima
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FINAL REPORT

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