FINAL REPORT

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F. Conclusions and Recommendations (J. Janzen and J. Hartwig) 18. Conclusions As a result of the detailed socioeconomic, physical, ecological, and marketing study the research team is supporting with emphasis the idea of a rehabilitation and extension of irrigated cultivation agriculture in the delta area of Buyant gol in Khovd aimag (see Maps 11- 15). There are no objections as far as soil and water qualities are concerned. There will also be enough irrigation water available, if the water is stored in a reservoir at Janjin Boolt headwork. As Khar us nuur receives its water mainly from Khovd gol no negative ecological effects are expected for the lake from the reconstruction of Janjin Boolt. The highest potential for the extension of irrigated farm land can be found on Khovd sum territory in the northern part of Buyant gol delta (see Maps 11-12 and D.10, 10.1-10.3, 11 ). As far as the potential manpower for the extension of irrigated farmland is concerned, there are enough people in Buyant, Khovd, Myangad, and especially in Jargalant sum who are interested in extending their farmland or in getting newly engaged in irrigated cultivation. There is enough demand for an increased potato and vegetable production in the western aimags and the large Mongolian cities, Ulaanbaatar in particular. Siberia in the Russian Federation might be a potential market in the future as well. Thus it can be stated that if crop farming will be improved and extended and new marketing strategies developed, the Buyant River Delta has the potential to increase its importance as the major center of vegetable, potato and fruit production for the whole Western Region and to a certain extent even for the big cities of Mongolia and parts of Russian Siberia. In order to be able to implement this vision a number of preconditions have to be fulfilled: 1. The major precondition is to provide a secure supply of irrigation water during the whole vegetation period from end of April until end of September and for the use of mobile livestock keepers by storing water in periods of abundance. For this purpose the reconstruction of Janjin Booltheadwork north of Khovd khot is a must. 2. The sums of Bujant and Khovd, which are competing for water, have to agree upon a just division of Buyant gol water at Janjin Boolt headwork. According to the water demands of both sums (actually more cultivated land on Khovd sum territory and 162
more nomadic livestock keepers depending on Buyant gol water on Buyant territory) a share of 50% for each of the two sums seems to be suitable. But water distribution at Janjin Boolt Headwork should be handled in a flexible manner. That means that water should be distributed according to the real needs of both sums and water shares might be changed within the coming years if water demands change in the two sums. Further more the disputed sum boundary between Buyant and Khovd sum should be fixed in an official document without delay in order to stop conflicts about land and water. 3. A neutral institution, which might be called “Buyant River Water Authority”, controlled by an independant committee consisting of different members of the civil society and elected representatives from the aimag khural should watch about the just water distribution at Janjin Boolt headwork. The staff in charge of Janjin Boolt headwork and the maintenance and control of the whole Buyant delta irrigation system should not belong to one of the rival sums and should be well paid for their work in order to reduce the risk of being vulnerable for bribes. Their salaries as well as maintenance costs for Janjin Boolt headwork and the rehabilitated and new irrigation channel system should be funded by a moderate water tax which will have to be collected by them from all water users according to the size of their farming plots, and the irrigation intensity of cultivated crops. 4. A future development program for the improvement and extension of irrigated cultivation in the Buyant River Delta should be based on a holistic approach of regional rural development, primarily focussing on poverty alleviation in Khovd aimag. It should include all social groups of the study area, such as farmers, agropastoralists, nomads, traders, Government officials etc. Not single measures, such as securing regular water availability or irrigation channel rehabilitation alone can guarantee future progress but only the implementation of a bundle of development measures can lead to a successful development and to poverty reduction in Khovd aimag. For this purpose it is strongly recommended that the planned Mongolian-Swiss project closely cooperates with other national and international donors already working in Khovd aimag and the western region. Existing development activities of other agencies, such as USAID, GTZ, UNDP, WB, ADB, SIDA, Mercy Corps etc. should be incorporated into the project planning in order to use synergies and avoid repetitions of development measures. 163
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MONGOLIA CEN
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TABLE OF CONTENT Summary Summary...
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15.2.5 Important Issues for Improvi
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Summary A detailed study about the
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Western Region and to a certain ext
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as physical and ecological informat
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of the SLA is the examination of th
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A separate questionnaire was used t
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Cereals Potatoes Vegetables Fodder
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years with a single extension of up
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Bayan-Ulgii Govi-Altai Zavkhan Uvs
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The aimag is divided into 17 sums a
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Herdsmen Households Total Household
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livestock fodder, and potato cultiv
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Since the mid 1990s, local resident
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In recent years, access to irrigati
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This part of the study aims to desc
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(Figure 15 and 16). The river run-o
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0 C 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,00 -1,001
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Sampling direction Map7: Catchment
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groundwater, because of an open cha
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Sewage plant channel Sewage plant c
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Results of the analysis The positio
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Three samples show a high content o
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83 482.162.349 919.666.361 1171 Iri
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Figure 25:Investigation Area 4:Davs
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10 110 6.45 1.202 1.156 15.6 29.2 4
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113 482.217.440 917.812.501 1224 S(
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For the evaluation of the chemical
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IDENT. LATITUDE LONGITUDE Remarks 2
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10.3 Soil Conditions (M. Walther) M
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4. Determination of total content o
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2Ag + +CrO 2- 4 →Ag 2 CrO 4 (s) M
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Materials. 0.1M NaOH Eriochrome bla
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Cadmium Current ; 8mA/0mA Burner he
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Vegetation The areas with desert st
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No: Species of Plants (Gubanov, 199
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30 Iris lacteal Abundant Perennial
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M 64 Sonchus oleraceus Abundant Ann
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No: Life Ranges Plant Species (as E
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We compared the records on plants a
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43 Glaux maritime Sp 1 44 Heteropap
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35 Motacilla personata 36 Lanius cr
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‣ As shown by the hydrological an
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Single values of the heavy metal di
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ppm Figure 31: Total nitrogen 1055
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ppm Figure 37: Heavy metal - Zn 145
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12. Summary of Field Research and S
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6,000 5,000 Inhabitants 4,000 3,000
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Cultivation Agriculture In Khovd su
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members stay at the crop fields. Th
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Amount (t) 600 500 400 300 200 100
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Thus calculated, on average each ho
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13.2.3 Legal Situation in Land Righ
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Concerning the question “Are you
Page 111 and 112: • support in marketing • suppor
Page 113 and 114: Inhabitants 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000
Page 115 and 116: 1995. There are cases of former neg
Page 117 and 118: products marketed in 2005/06. Farme
Page 119 and 120: Further sources of revenue were pen
Page 121 and 122: Constraints and Conflicts Concernin
Page 123 and 124: • limit import of cheap crops The
Page 125 and 126: Chantuu (Uzbek) Durvid 4% 7% Zakhch
Page 127 and 128: households and five cooperatives pl
Page 129 and 130: 15.2.2 Economic Structure and Crop
Page 131 and 132: Crops Potatoes Carrots Tomatoes Cuc
Page 133 and 134: Cooperation among households Concer
Page 135 and 136: ecause their farmlands are located
Page 137 and 138: 15. 3 Summary The main findings of
Page 139 and 140: In 2005, 3,800 households (57%) wer
Page 141 and 142: impoverished households have starte
Page 143 and 144: that they had official employment a
Page 145 and 146: In Jargalant, the number of househo
Page 147 and 148: • high land fee • machinery and
Page 149 and 150: • support in resolving problems w
Page 151 and 152: 17.2 Crop farming for household and
Page 153 and 154: Photos 17-18:Crop Marketing at the
Page 155 and 156: Apart from vegetable and cereal cul
Page 157 and 158: That means that revenues from one h
Page 159 and 160: • raise import tax/bans forvegeta
Page 161: and marketing, organization of regu
Page 165 and 166: unsocial way from sufficient water
Page 167 and 168: in cities of neighbouring Russian S
Page 169 and 170: MAS 1990: Information Mongolia: The
Page 171 and 172: gol Govi-Altai Janjin Boolt Khantun
Page 173: 9. Budee-Land Officer of Khovd aima
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FINAL REPORT

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