KalzipÂ® Systems

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General data and characteristics 5.8 Official approvals/design calculations The use of Kalzip roofing elements is subject to the official building regulations. Proof of stability and the suitability for use must be provided in each individual case. The basis for the design calculations is always the German Inspec torate Approval No. Z-14.1-181 issued by the Institute for Building Technology. Kalzip is officially approved by many European building authorities and is subject to continuous monitoring. This includes a description of technical characteristics, materials and dimensions. The stipulations for design and measurement contain information on design loads, static systems and safety values. The stipulations on specification govern, amongst other things, roof pitch, edge design, accessibility, technical expertise/training requirements of the installers. The appendices contain tables relating to standard details and characteristic values for the proof of stability and suitability for use. For frequently recurring applications you will find load-span-tables, from which the maximum spans under practical windand snow loads can be extracted. So the proof required by law can be easily provided at any time. 5.9 Transport When designing unusual special roof shapes (for instance, long profiled sheets with small curving radii) the feasablity of transportation has to be checked with our logistics department. The dispatch department at the pro duction factory is available to advise you here. Permits are required from the local road authorities for the transportation of lengths of 18 m and more. When extreme lengths are to be transported, it is essential to allow for the time required to obtain permits from the local road authorities. 5.10 Sheet thickness According to the licensing agreement issued by the building authorities the minimum thickness for Kalzip profiled sheets is t = 0.7 mm. Although these sheets are accessible both during as well as after their installation for main tenance and cleaning without the need of load distributing measures, it is however not advisable to use sheets of this thickness because of the risk of denting resulting from people walking on the sheets during installation. For aesthetic reasons it is advisable to choose a minimum sheet thickness of 1 mm on any visible areas. 32 Kalzip
Design specifications 6. Design specifications 6.1 Moisture proof For insulated roofs and walls it is essential to provide sufficient protection against condensation in each and every case. In this context vapour diffusion (e.g. accor ding to DIN 4108-3) as well as air flows must be considered. Superficial formation of condensate on structural components If the minimum values of heat transition resistance according to DIN 4108-2 are observed, a verification of the protection against condensation in non air-conditioned rooms such as residential premises and offices is generally not required providing that these rooms are adequately heated and ventilated according to the normal standards. In special cases for instance with perma - nent high humidity levels it is necessary to calculate the required heat transition resistance in relation to the actual internal climatic conditions. Formation of condensate inside multi-layer constructions A vapour barrier must be installed in order to prevent vapour from penetrating from humid internal rooms into the roof construction. In wall structures vapour barriers are generally not necessary. To prevent humid internal air from diffusing into the roofing system, an airtight barrier must be installed, which is fully sealed at all joints to the adjacent structures, as required by the Energy Saving Directive. A professionally fitted Kalzip vapour barrier meets these requirements. 6.2 Ice barriers In some regions where exceptionally severe weather conditions can be experienced, ice barriers can form on metal roofs with certain structural features. These are blockages or plates formed from snow, melt water or rainwater which have frozen together and can impede the flow of water on roofs. Known regions include: • the Alpine region • the Central German Uplands • other areas which have a high snow fall Structural features which have led to ice barriers on roofs: • Shaded areas created by additional fitting or structures • Cold roof overhangs • Complicated roof shapes, a multitude of fittings or structures • Guttering and downspouts which can freeze up (bends, no gutter heating) • Accumulated snow, uneven distribution of snow on the roof • Linear snow guard systems • Fall arrest systems with cable connections • Lightning conductors • Walkways • Discontinuities in the thermal insulation effect • Thermal bridging • Poor workmanship (defective connec tions on penetrations or roof edges, defective vapour barriers in the case of warm interior rooms) Exceptional weather conditions experienced in recent winters: • Rapid and frequent alternation between freezing/thawing • Catastrophic snow quantities • Frost coldness and snow at the same time If ice barriers impede or stop the flow of rainwater or melt water above guttering there is a risk that the water will accumulate and enter the attic area and therefore the building through the joint overlap of the profiled sheets. Those areas of the roof which are at risk include, for example, channels, single-skin roof overhangs, areas which are partially roofed and shaded areas. Standing water must be avoided on metal roofs. For this reason, these roofs must always be sloping. This is to prevent the loading capacity of the roof covering from being exceeded and the roof from collapsing as a result of the load exerted by standing water. For this reason, the values given in the standards and in the directives for roof pitches stipulated by the building authorities must be observed on all points of a roof as a minimum. Furthermore, metal roofs which have longitudinal and cross joints or overlaps which have not been welded or soldered, will not be watertight (against “pressing water”), but only rainproof. This means that when accumulated water exceeds a specific level it will penetrate via the joints and connections. This is another reason why a minimum pitch must be maintained. Standing water on roofs may not only be caused by inadequate roof pitches but also as a result of other factors. For example, as a result of blockages in the flanges on the profiled sheets which carry the water, in the case of superstructures or projections which have been incorrectly designed or installed or when ice barriers have formed. An essential planning task is to ensure that ice barriers are avoided. Various measures can be recommended. However, no list of recommendations can be regarded as complete. As the effectiveness of recommended measures depends on local conditions, these measures can only be regarded as suggestions and do not release the company carrying out the work from the obligation to check feasibility. No liability can be accepted for this. In view of the experiences of the particularly catastrophic snow conditions experien ced in winter 2006, it should be noted that absolute safety against ice barriers cannot be guaranteed. Kalzip 33
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Page 49 and 50: Dimensioning tables 7.3.2 Purlin ro
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