Session B.pdf - Clarkson University

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Fig. 3. Comparison between estimates and observed values at Kusur station on the Lena River: (a) daily runoff in the 1987-2000, (b) monthly runoff , and (c) annual runoff 176
simulated. Daily Lena River runoff at Kusur was well modeled, although there were differences between calculated and observed flood peak values. The model successfully presented snowmelt and break-up processes; it turned out well that the timing of flood rise and flood peak appearance generating in connection with both processes by it compared with the discharge data over the 14 years. In general, estimates of annual runoff were sufficient accurate, where the estimated and observed values of annual runoff at Kusur were 203.9 mm, and 223.7 mm, respectively. The annual error was within 20 mm on average; error was greatest in the period of June-September, and can be attributed to the underestimates of winter snowfall. Estimates might be improved by supplemental winter precipitation data in the future. REFERENCES Ma, X. and Fukushima, Y., 2002. A numerical model of the river freezing process and its application to the Lena River. Hydrological Processes, 16, 2131-2140. Ma, X., Fukushima, Y., Hiyama, T., Hashimoto, T., Ohata, T., 2000. A macro-scale hydrological analysis of the Lena River basin. Hydrol. Process. 14, 639-651. Monteith, J.L., 1965. Evaporation and environment. In: Fogg, G.E., (Ed.), The stage and movement of water in living organisms, Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology 19, Cambridge <strong>University</strong> Press, Cambridge, pp. 205-234. Wetherald, R.T., Manabe, S., 2002. Simulation of hydrologic changes associated with global warming. Journal of Geophysical Research 107, D19, ACL7-1-ACL7-15. 177
Page 1 and 2: 17th International Symposium on Ice
Page 3 and 4: 3 3 2 2 n = ⎜ ⎛ n + ⎟ ⎞ ice
Page 5 and 6: of continuous calculation [13-15] o
Page 7 and 8: component (17) satisfy the uniform
Page 9 and 10: a) b) Fig. 2. 2D-numerical simulati
Page 11 and 12: Coincidence of temperatures distrib
Page 15 and 16: To represent soil-vegetation-atmosp
Page 17: altitude, because no suitable metho
Page 21 and 22: egion of city Lensk as an example.
Page 23 and 24: The outcomes of accounts under the
Page 25 and 26: The simulation of an actual high wa
Page 27 and 28: The conducted researches have allow
Page 29 and 30: of a man-caused catastrophe. A numb
Page 31 and 32: simplicity there were acknowledged
Page 33 and 34: e periodically clarified (ideally -
Page 35 and 36: Γ 1 1 ¦З M * Γ 4 ЈЁaЈ © D
Page 37 and 38: open-water width; t i = initial ice
Page 39 and 40: Similarly, the governing equations
Page 43 and 44: ANALYSIS TARGETS AND NON-STATIONARY
Page 45 and 46: asic spans, the base spans with sim
Page 47 and 48: exponential distribution. The numbe
Page 51 and 52: The refrozen lead ice is assumed to
Page 53 and 54: Cumulative area fraction Four Ice T
Page 57 and 58: It is known that the auto-correlati
Page 59 and 60: Fig.1. Radar ice images: R0000920 a
Page 61 and 62: application of PIV, the comparison
Page 63 and 64: OBSERVATIONS We set up five observa
Page 65 and 66: Variations of snow depth and sea-ic
Page 67 and 68: 217 Fig. 5. Profiles of structure,
Page 69 and 70:
characterized by columnar structure
Page 71 and 72:
17th International Symposium on Ice
Page 73 and 74:
same cross section in different spa
Page 75 and 76:
The Ostu method confirms the thresh
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Equations and Boundary Conditions
Page 81 and 82:
dispersion relation f 0 (κ) = 1/κ
Page 83 and 84:
Fig. 2: (a) The behaviour of |R| in
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Schemes of ice passing through hydr
Page 89 and 90:
Submerged flow Entrance drop in con
Page 91 and 92:
1. Flow from the hole 2. Flowing th
Page 93 and 94:
crushing in cooperation with piers
Page 95 and 96:
an excellent analysis on ice jam re
Page 97 and 98:
simulated water discharge, ice disc
Page 99 and 100:
The ice jam release simulation last
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
(1982), where temperatures 20 cm be
Page 105 and 106:
255
Page 107 and 108:
changes in hyporheic flow may affec
Page 109 and 110:
growth processes is quite interesti
Page 111 and 112:
Fig.3. Temperature variations at th
Page 113 and 114:
During the snowfall and subsequent
Page 115 and 116:
Fig. 7. Relation of oxygen and hydr
Page 117 and 118:
the experiment seems to be shorter
Page 119 and 120:
changes in sea ice concentration in
Page 121 and 122:
10 Point for Point Concentrations 1
Page 123 and 124:
NASA Team - Video Mean 10 67-70: NM
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
There can also be cases where a sno
Page 129 and 130:
FIELD TEST OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH Tes
Page 131 and 132:
The ratio of elastic modulus to fle
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Shape and installation of the FICS
Page 137 and 138:
conspicuous and the currents beneat
Page 139 and 140:
For the Bb/BL=0.71 model, tip vorti
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
are found. The pixels within this s
Page 145 and 146:
Experiment Table 1. Summarized resu
Page 147 and 148:
CONCLUSION From the results of thes
Page 149 and 150:
The ice run in the region of the sp
Page 151 and 152:
Table 2. Time to pass the distance
Page 153 and 154:
Free surface drawdown above upstrea
Page 155 and 156:
а) x/H 3.6 3.2 2.8 2.4 2 1.6 1.2 0
Page 157 and 158:
Table. Approximate values of free s
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
where I is a down gradient, B is st
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
THE MEASURING SYSTEM MT Uikku is a
Page 167 and 168:
Near the shore where the ice was th
Page 169 and 170:
The ship had to use full power for
Page 171 and 172:
of Bothnia. She got stuck in ice 5
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
the position of ice edge, defined a
Page 177 and 178:
As the ice cover rafts and thickens
Page 179 and 180:
Fig. 5 The Clarkson wave tank We ap
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Thermometer Temperature Change with
Page 185 and 186:
The wave attenuates with respect to
Page 187 and 188:
REFERENCES Ackley, S.F., H.H. Shen,
Page 189 and 190:
ICE CONDITIONS ON RESERVOIRS The ic
Page 191 and 192:
Weakened ice Tunnel Dam Fig 1. Exam
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
River ice differs in crack structur
Page 197 and 198:
Fig.8. Lower ice surface Fig.9. The
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
finer spatial resolution of the 85G
Page 203 and 204:
Several polynyas (note that unless
Page 205 and 206:
a) b) c) Fig. 4: Charts of the surf
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
ubble might have to be cleared befo
Page 211 and 212:
Table 2. Suggested loading window c
Page 213 and 214:
tankers. If loading windows should
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
pollutant propagation in tidal ice
Page 219 and 220:
THE 1-D ICE JAM MODEL Model of inte
Page 221 and 222:
group roughness in the Manning form
Page 223 and 224:
Figure 3a corresponds to an initial
show all

Session B.pdf - Clarkson University

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?