3. I0 Refcreiice.r 83 [I 71 Hoffinann, LJ., Pfeifer, F., Olirelic, S., Vdlld, N.. Zahedi, M., Siesler. H. W., Appl. Spci~tro.~~~. 1993: 47, 1531-1539. [l8] Siesler. H. W., in: Oriented Po(iwirr Muterinl.7: Fakirov F. (Ed.), Zug: Hiithig & Wepf, 996. pp. 138-166. [ 191 Siesler, H. W., in: Adi1aizce.s in Applied Fourier Transform In/kured <strong>Spect</strong>roscopy: McKenzie, M. W. (Ed.j, Chichester: Wiley 8: Sons Ltd., 1988; pp. 189-246. 1201 Siesler, H. W.. in: Atloances in Pollvner Science. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1984; 64. pp. 1- 77. 1211 BrBuchler, M., Boeffel, C., Spiess, H. W., Makroniol. Clic7n. 1991, 192, 1153. [22] Menzel, H., Hallensleben, M. L., Schmidt, A., Knoll, W., Fischer, T., Stumpe, J. ilfiicrum~leculrs, 1993, 26, 3644-3349. [231 Buffeteau, T., Natansohn, A,, Rochon, P., Pezolet, M., i~~ucroi7zolecitls~ 1996, 29, 8783. 1241 Graham. J. A.. Hammaker. R. M., Fateley, W. G., in: Cl~errzical. Biological urrd Inchstrial Appli~~ufims nf’ h~firrr.c~r/ S~~CC/~O.SUJ~,I~: Dnrig, J. R. (Ed.), Chichester: Wiley Interscience, 1985; pp. 301-334. [25] Souvignier, G., Gerwert, K.. Biopl7~s. J. 1992, 63, 1393. [26j Uhmann, W., Becker, A,, Taran, C., Siebert, F., Ajyl. Speetro.~c~. 1991, 45, 390. [27] Palmer. R. A., <strong>Spect</strong>roscopy 1993. 8, 26. [28] Palmer, R. A,, Chao, J. L., Dittmar R. M., Gregoriou, V. G.? Plunkett, S. E., &p/. <strong>Spect</strong>rosc. 1993, 47, 1297-1310. [29] Nakano, T., Yokoyama, T., Toriunii, H.. Appl. <strong>Spect</strong>rosc. 1993, 47, 1354-1366. [301 Gregoriou, V. G., Noda, I., Dowrey, A. E., Marcott, C., Chao, J. J., Palmer, R. A., J. Polym. Sci. B, 1993, 31, 1769-1777. [31] Lafrance, C. P.: Nabet, A,, Prud’homnie R. E., Pezolet, M., Can. J. Clwni. 1995, 73, 1497. [32] Maier, W., Saupe, A.? Z. Nr/turfor.tc/ztiny 1959, Ida, 882. [33] Maier, W., Saupe, A.. Z. Nriturforschung 1961, 160, 816. [34] Anderle, K., Birenheide, R., Eich, M., WendorK, J. H., Ilfulcroniol. C//em. Rqid CO~ZIIILII/. 1989, 10, 471. [35] Natansohn, A., Rochon. P., Gosselin, J., Xie, S., Mclcrori~olec,ri/e,~ 1992, 25, 2268. [36] Kulinna, C., Dissertotion, Universitat Essen, 1994. [37] Chatelain, P., Bull. Soc. Fr. Miner. 1943, 66, 105. [38] Blinov, L. M., Electro-Optical mid ~1~iyrieto-O~)ticcd Proprrtics of Liquid Crysfrtl.r, Chichester: Wiley-Interscience, 1983. [391 Frank, F. C., Disctrss. Faradq) Soc. 1958, 25, 19. [40] Geary, J. M., Goodby, J. W., J. Appl. Phys. 1987, 62, 4100. [41] Castellano, J. A., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1983, 94, 33. 1421 Jerdme, B. in: Hcindbook of Liquid Crystuls: Demus, D., Goodby, J., Gray, G. W., Spiess. H.-W., Vil, V. (Eds.), Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 1998, Vol. 1, p. 535. [43J Geary, J. M., Goodby, J. M.: Kmetz, A. P., Patel, J. S., J. Appl. Phjis. 1987, 62, 4100. [44] Toney, M. F., Russel, T. P., Logan, J. A,, Kikuchi, H., Sands, J. M., Kumar, S. K. Nature 1995, 374, 709. [45] Happ, E., University of Ulm, Sektion <strong>Polymer</strong>e, personal communication, 1994. [46] Kaneko, E., Principles and Applications of Liquid CrJtstul Displaj~s, Tokio: KTK Scientific Publ., 1987. [47] Finkenzellner, U., Spektruni deer. PL’issensclzuft, 1990, 8. 54. [48] Schadt, M., Helfrich, J., App/, Plzys. Lett. 1971, 18, 127. [49] Gelhaar, T., Pauluth, D., Ndir. Chern. Tech. Lnh. 1997, 4S( l), 9. [50] Schadt. M., Phys. Bl. 1996, 7/8, 695. [51] Kaito, A,, Wang. J. I(.. Hsu, S. L., Anal. Cheni. Acta 1986, 189, 27. [52] Masutani, K., Yokota, Y., Furukawa, Y., Tasumi, M., Yoshizawa, A., App/. Siiectrosc. 1993, 47, 1370-1375. [53] Okretic, S., Dissertutiorz, Universitat Essen, 1995. [54] Shilov, S. V., Okretic. S., Siesler, H. W.. Vib. <strong>Spect</strong>rosc. 1995, 9, 57. [55] Urano, T., Hamaguchi, H., Clwm Phys. Lett. 1992, 195, 287. [S6] Urano, T., Hamaguchi, H., Appl. <strong>Spect</strong>rosc. 1993, 47, 2108. [57] Gregoriou, V. G., Chao, J. L., Toriumi, H., Palmer, R. A.. Chenz. Phys. Lett. 1991, 179, 491.
84 2 Segniental Mobility oj Liquid Crystals and Liqui~~-Cr),st~illine Pol?,nzeus [58J Czarnecki, M. A,, Katayanm, N., Ozaki, Y., Satoh, M., Yoshio, K., Watanabe, T., Yanagl, T., Apyl. <strong>Spect</strong>rosc. 1993, 47, 1382-1385. (591 Powell, J. R.. Krishnan. K., Yokoyamn, T., Nakano, T., in: Proc. 9th 177t. Conference on Foiwier Trunsjbnn <strong>Spect</strong>roscopy: Bertie, J. E., Wieser, H. (Eds.), Proc. SPIE 2089. 1993; 428- 429. [60J Noda, I., Appl. <strong>Spect</strong>rosc. 1993, 47, 1329-1336. [61] Noda, I., -4ypl. <strong>Spect</strong>rosc. 1990, 44, 550-561. [62] Michl, J., Thulstrup, E. W., <strong>Spect</strong>roscoyj, with Polu d Light. Solute Alignment by Photoselection in Liquid Crystals, <strong>Polymer</strong>s and Membranes, Weinheim: VCH, 1986. 1631 Gotz, S., Stille, W., Strobl, G., Scheuermann, H., Macronzoleczrles, 1993, 26, 1520. [64] Hendann, C.. Dissertation, Universitat Essen, Germany, 1997. [65] Heilnieier, G. H., Zanoni, L. A., Appl. Phys. Lett., 1968, 13, 91. [66] Bahadur, B., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1983, 99, 345. 1671 Sackmann, E. in Applicntions of' Liqziid Cryytnls, Meier, G.. Sackniann, E., Grabmaier, G. (eds.j, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1975. [68] Schumann, C., in Harzdbook of Liquid Crystals, Kelker, H.. Hatz, R. (eds.), Weinheim: Verlag Chemie, 1980. [69] Scheffer, T. J., Nehring, J., in P/?.vsics and Chernisfry ofLiquid Crystal Devices, Sprokel, J. G., (ed.), New York: Plenum Press, 1979, pp. 173. [70] Uchida, T., Wada, M., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cr,yst. 1981, 63, 19. [71] Bahadur, B. in Liquid Crystuls-Applicutioris and Uses, Bahadur B. (ed.), Singapore: World Scientific, 1992. [72] Jordanov, B., Okretic, S. Siesler, H. W., Appl. <strong>Spect</strong>rosc. 1997, 51(3), 447-449. [73] de Barny, P.. Dubois, J. C., in: Side CI7airt Liquid Crystal <strong>Polymer</strong>s: McArdle, C. B. (Ed.), Glasgow: Blackie & Son Ltd., 1989; chap. 5. [74] Lagerwall, S. T. in Handbook of' Liquid Crystals, Demus, D., Goodby, J., Gray, G. W.. Spiess, H.-W., Vill, V. ieds.), Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, Vol. 2B, 1998, 515-664. [75] Dijon, J., in Liquid Crystals-Applications and Uses, Bahadur B. (ed.), Singapore: World Scientific, 1992. [76] Goodby, J. W., Blinc, R., Clark, N. A,, Lagerwall, S. T., Osipov, M. A.; Pikiii, S. A,, Sakurai, T., Yoshino, K., Zeks, B., Ferroelectric Liquid Crj'stuls: Priizc@le,r; Properties und Applicutions, Philadelphia: Gordon and Breach, 1991. [77] Kapitza, H.. Poths, H., Zentel, R., Mulironiol. Cheni. Mucron7o1. Syinp., 1991, 44, 117. [78] Brehmer, M., Zentel, R., Wagenblast, G., Sieniensmeyer, K., Mukroinol. Cheni., 1994, 195, 1891. [79] Schonfeld, A,, Kremer, F., Hofniann, A,, Kiihnpast, K., Springer, J., Scherowsky, G., Makronzol. Clwii. 1993, 194, 1149. [80] Poths, H., Zentel, R., Liq. Cryst. 1994, 16, 749. [Sl] Shilov, S. V., Skupin, H., Kremer, F., Gebhard, E., Zentel, R., Liq. Cryt. 1997,22(2), 203-210. [82] Verma, A. L., Zhao, B., Jiang, S. M., Sheng, J. C., Ozaki, Y., Phys. Rev. E, 1997, 56(3), 342. (831 Shilov. S. V., Okretic, S.. Siesler, H. W., Zentel, R., Oge, T., Mucron7ol. Rapid Connnun. 1995, 16. [84] Og, T., Zentel, R., Mabornol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 1805-1813. [85] Eich, M.! Wendorff, J. H., Reck, B., Ringsdorf, H., Makrornol. Chem. Rupid. Cornnzun. 1987, 8, 59. [86] Fischer, Th., Lasker, L., Stumpe. J., Kostromin, J. Photocheni. Photobiol. A: Chem. 1994, 80, 453-459. [87] Wiesner, U., Antonietti, M., Boeffel, C., Spiess, H. W., Macromolecules 1990, 8, 2133. [88] Stumpe, J., Miiller, L., Kreysig, D., Hauck, G., Koswig, H. D., Ruhmann, R., Rubner, J., hfuiirornol. Chew. Rapid. Cornnzun. 1991, 12. 81. [89] Haitjema, H. J., von Morgen. G. L., Tan, Y. Y.. Challa, G., Macromolecules 1994,27, 6201- 6206. [90] Fischer, T., Lasker, L.. Czapla, S., Rubner, J., Stumpe, J., ilfol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1997, 298, 2 13-220. [9 I] Wiesner, U., Reynolds, N., Boeffel, C., Spiess, H. W., hfakrornol. Chern. Rupid. Cornnwn. 1991, 12, 457.
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Modern Polymer Spectroscopy Edited
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Modern Polymer Spectroscopy Edited
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Preface For unfortunate reasons the
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However, theory and calculations yi
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Contents 1 Two-Dimensional Infrared
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Con ten t~ xi Index 5.2 Force Field
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Contributors M. Del Zoppo Dipartime
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1 Two-Dimensional Infrared (2D IR)
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1.2 Brick~qrorrnrl 3 . Figure 1-3.
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1.0 , Figure 1-6. The in-phtrse and
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1.2 Bcrckgroinizd 7 where AA (i~) i
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1.2 Background 9 1.2.5 Two-Dimensio
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1.3 Bnsic Properties of 20 IR Corre
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2D IR spectrometer coupled with a d
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1.5 Applirtrtions 15 Unlike a dispe
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\ '\ Melliyleiie 1'7- -3000 Posiliv
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11 Amorphous Crystalline ,...." I F
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1.5 Applications 21 / I 1430 Figure
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1.5 Appliccitioiis 23 Methylene Fig
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1.5 Ajqdicrrtions 25 3024 Figure 1-
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1.5 Applicutions 27 Furthermore. th
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1.7 Coizclirsions 29 derived in a s
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1.9 References 31 [9] Colthup, N. B
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3 I1 A Yey) Siiiiple Case: LLittice
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3.11 A Vq> Siiiiplc Crrw: Luttice D
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Figure 3-22. Sample eigenvectors in
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3.12 CIS-trans Opening @the Double
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3.13 Defect Modes cis Structtrr.al
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3.13 Defect Mo&s cis Structurcil Pr
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0 3.14 Case Studies N 0 d - Y N o m
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3.14 Case Studies 147 OC 60 58 57.
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3.14 Case Studies 149 GI A V E N U
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3.14 Case Studies 15 1 correspond t
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3.14 Case Studies 153 (I10 + 200) +
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3.14 Case Studies 155 1500 1480 146
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3.14 Case Studies 157 the molecular
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17E (ir 1, R): (iii) z = 4, t = 1,
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3.16 Stnictural Znlioi~zogeneity an
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3.1 7 Fermi Resonancrs 163 stants.
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3.1 7 Femi Resorinnces 165 2 L 1 29
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lowing. The CHl-bending mode 6 [cer
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3.17 Ferini Re.sonrriire.s 169 a Fi
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3. I7 Fernii Resoiiances 17 1 terin
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3.18 Band Broadening and Confonnati
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3.18 Bmd Brourleiziriy md Cmforrnat
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3.18 Band Bvoaderiing arid Conjonna
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3.18 Band Broadening and Confornmti
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3.19 A Worked E.utinple 181 pre-mel
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3.19 A Wovh-ecl E.uanzple 183
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3.19 A Worked Example 185 19 5°C 2
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3.19 A Workrd Example 187 Figure 3-
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3.19 A Worked E.rcnniplr 189 LAM I
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3.19 A Worked E.xuniple 191 Figure
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3.19 A Worked E.vnn~yle 193 Figure
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3.19 A Worked E.vnrqde 195 009.1 00
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3.19 A Worked Example 197 existence
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3.1 9 A Worked Example 199 The soli
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3.20 References 201 very important,
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3.20 References 203 [41] M. Gussoni
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3.20 Refeeveiicrs 205 [I 171 P. Jon
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4 Vibrational Spectroscopy of Intac
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4.3 Georrietvy oj Intuct Po1vniev.r
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1'45 4.4 Geometric Chunges I?zditce
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4.4 Geometric Chmges Iiid~lrcecl bj
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4 5 Mer1iodolog.v of Raiii~11 Studi
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4.7 Poly(p-pheiq.lene) 217 with an
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4.7 Pol)~(p-pheiz~~lene) 219 ENERGY
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is worthwhile pointing out that the
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~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 801 Table 4-3
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4.7 Poly(y-phenylene) 225 Figure 4-
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Table 4-4. Observed Raman frequenci
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4.8 Other Polwieys 229 Table 4-5. T
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under various models. According to
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4. I0 Mechnriism oj Charge. Transpo
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4.12 Reftrences 235 [ 131 Kuzmany,
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4.12 References 237 [98j Matsunuma,
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5 Vibrational Spectroscopy of Polyp
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5.2 FOYCC Fields 241 such calculati
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5.2 Force Fields 243 accounts for o
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5.2 Force Fields 245 centers of the
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5.2 Force Fields 247 ture with conf
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5.3 Amide Modes 249 to the nh initi
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5.3 Ainide Modes 251 Table 5-1. Ami
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Table 5-2. Some amide modes of four
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5.3 Amidc Modes 255 Figure 5-1. Opt
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5.4 Polypeptides 257 nonhydrogen-bo
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5.4 Polvpeptida 259 Figure 5-2. Ant
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I 5.4 Polypeptides 261 )I .- + $ 80
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1226M 1222s (1 1165W 1167s (1 1120V
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135s 9 1 Ms1i 122Wbr 147 NH ob(37)
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5.4 Polypeptides 267 glycine residu
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5.4 Polypeptides 269 Raman bands in
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5.4 Polypeptides 271 Figure 5-7. St
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Frequency (cm-'1 100% b 700 500 300
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5.4 Polypptidt~s 215 Table 5-9. Obs
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~~ ~~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~~ 5.4 Polypeptides 2
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5.4 Poliyeptides 219 Table 5-11. Co
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Table 5-12. Aniide mode frequencies
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1351 Lifson, S., Stern, P. S., J. C
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5.6 Refeverices 285 [130] Tiffany,
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Index Amide modes 249 Amorphous pol
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Step-scan FTIR spectroscopy 14,34 -