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in detention centers to provide support children and youth. Recent research concerning children in Cambodian prisons highlights that the majority of them are held in pretrial detention, have little or no access to education programs, have inadequate food and health care, are subject to violence and are generally not separated from adult prisoners 44 . Subsequent to their release from prison, children are highly susceptible to further conflict with the law given the lack of rehabilitation and education support provided to young people while detained. Relocations The increasing issue regarding the right to land and housing and relocation of population, has seriously impacted on the street children/youth population. The rate and scale of land confis-cation and forced evictions has risen remarkably in recent years, caused by development and so-called beautification projects, including slum clearance 45 and construction of roads and other infrastructure. According to the Phnom Penh based NGO, Sahmakum Teang Tnaut (STT): ‘... between 1990 and 1996, an estimated 3,100 families were displaced in Phnom Penh, between 1997 and 2003, 9,200 families were displaced, and between 2004 and 2008, 14,300 families were displaced. In total, at least 26,600 Phnom Penh families, approximately 133,000 residents or eleven percent of the city’s population of 1.2 million, have been evicted since 199046 ’. On the national level, precise figures are not prevalent, however, ‘the rate of forced evictions appears to have increased in conjunction with, inter alia, the granting of concessions over vast tracts of land to private investors. Rural landlessness, often also caused by forced evictions, rose from 13 percent in 1997 to between 20 and 25 percent in 2007 47 ’. Evictions have had a significant impact on a large number of children whose families have been forced to move outside of Phnom Penh (or other main cities), having to leave their homes and to stay in remote locations, to find new employments when possible, new sources of income, schools for their children... CSCN 24 CSCN Street Children Profile 2009
FRAME II: SNAPSHOT SURVEY PRESENTING THE RESULTS OF THE CSCN PROFILE 2008 Conducted on the 20 th of December 2007, the purpose of the snapshot survey was to provide basic information on Cambodian street children/youth, including a rough estimation of the number. In one day, a total of 5,622 street children/youth ranging in age from 0 to 24 years were counted and briefly interviewed for the survey by staff of the seven CSCN member NGOs (CCASVA, Damnok Toek (Goutte d’Eau) (DT), Kaliyan Mith (KM), Mith Samlanh (MS), M’Lop Tapang (MLT), Krousar Thmey (KT) and World Vision (WV)). Initially presented in the Street Children Profile 2008, the quantitative based information still serves as an important indicator for the 2009 profile. However, ad hoc counts made by Phnom Penh based CSCN members estimate that there can be as many as 2,000 street living children, 15-20,000 street working children and a variable number of children of street living families depending on seasonal migration (100 to a few hundred families) in the capital only. The snapshot survey was carried out in the six locations of Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, Neak Loeung, Sihanoukville, Kampong Cham and Poipet. CSCN CSCN Street Children Profile 2009 25
Page 2 and 3: ABBREVIATIONS ADB ATS CCASVA CRC CS
Page 4 and 5: TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....
Page 6 and 7: INTRODUCTION Since 1991, when more
Page 8 and 9: ii. To conduct collective research
Page 10 and 11: Cambodian children working and/or l
Page 12 and 13: presentation will be conducted in t
Page 14 and 15: • Short interviews; • Do not fo
Page 16 and 17: youth, as opposed to open-ended one
Page 18 and 19: to survive on less than 1 dollar a
Page 20 and 21: challenge for Cambodia is to expand
Page 22 and 23: the largest section of migrants at
Page 26 and 27: Total Number of Street Children/You
Page 28 and 29: eflecting the vulnerability of both
Page 30 and 31: 7.5 percent, Kampong Cham 4.4 perce
Page 32 and 33: PHNOM PENH Questionnaire Survey 200
Page 34 and 35: This graph illustrates the number o
Page 36 and 37: Origin of Families - Phnom Penh 200
Page 38 and 39: Level of Education upon Arrival at
Page 40 and 41: People the Child/Youth Lived With -
Page 42 and 43: Services Accessed by the Children/Y
Page 44 and 45: Work Undertaken The most common wor
Page 46 and 47: Children/Youth Registered by NGO -
Page 48 and 49: The Siem Reap data analysis, based
Page 50 and 51: Reasons for Living and/or Working o
Page 52 and 53: Time Spent on the Streets before Re
Page 54 and 55: Work Undertaken by the Children/You
Page 56 and 57: Services Accessed by the Children/Y
Page 58 and 59: Work Undertaken The most common wor
Page 60 and 61: Gender/Age Distribution of Children
Page 62 and 63: Origin of Families - Neak Loeung 20
Page 64 and 65: Level of Education upon Arrival at
Page 66 and 67: People the Child/Youth Lived With -
Page 68 and 69: Main Problems Faced on the Streets
Page 70 and 71: Summary: Main Findings of the NEAK
Page 72 and 73: SIHANOUKVILLE Questionnaire Survey
Page 74 and 75:
Breakdown of Street Children/Youth
Page 76 and 77:
Reasons for Living and/or Working o
Page 78 and 79:
Time Spent on the Streets before Re
Page 80 and 81:
Work Undertaken by the Children/You
Page 82 and 83:
Services Accessed by the Children/Y
Page 84 and 85:
Main Problems Most problems faced b
Page 86 and 87:
Gender/Age Distribution of Children
Page 88 and 89:
Origin of Families - Kampong Cham 2
Page 90 and 91:
Level of Education upon Arrival at
Page 92 and 93:
People the Child/Youth Lived With -
Page 94 and 95:
Main Problems Faced on the Streets
Page 96 and 97:
Summary: Main Findings of the KAMPO
Page 98 and 99:
POIPET Questionnaire Survey 2009 Th
Page 100 and 101:
Breakdown of Street Children/Youth
Page 102 and 103:
Reasons for Living and/or Working o
Page 104 and 105:
Time Spent on the Streets before Re
Page 106 and 107:
Work Undertaken by the Children/You
Page 108 and 109:
Services Accessed by the Children/Y
Page 110 and 111:
Work Undertaken The most common wor
Page 112 and 113:
migration source and destination as
Page 114 and 115:
From the CSCN survey results it app
Page 116 and 117:
ate experienced is 16.4 percent, wi
Page 118 and 119:
years. Despite multiple factors lea
Page 120 and 121:
DAMNOK TOEK (GOUTTE d’EAU) Questi
Page 122 and 123:
KALIYAN MITH Questionnaire Location
Page 124 and 125:
MITH SAMLANH Questionnaire Location
Page 126 and 127:
KROUSAR THMEY Questionnaire Locatio
Page 128 and 129:
M’LOP TAPANG Questionnaire Locati
Page 130 and 131:
WORLD VISION CAMBODIA Questionnaire
Page 132 and 133:
CCASVA - Cambodian Children Against
Page 134 and 135:
Friends-International Questionnaire
Page 136 and 137:
LIST OF REFERENCES 1 Asian Developm
Page 138 and 139:
20 Ibid 21 Ibid 22 DCCAM From 1996
Page 140 and 141:
effect the drug has on their abilit
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