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148 • Linux Symposium 2004 • Volume One Tue, 6 Apr 2004 15:33:22 +0200, http: //lwn.net/Articles/79100/ [5] http://www.openmp.org [6] Nick Piggin, “MM patches,” http://www.kerneltrap.org/ ~npiggin/nickvm-267r1m1.gz [7] http://www.spec.org/omp/ results/ompl2001.html [8] http://linux.bkbits.net: 8080/linux-2.5/cset% 4040213ca0d3eIznHTPAR_ kLCsMZI9VQ?nav=index.html| ChangeSet@-1d [9] http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/ linux/linux-kernel/2002-01/ 1540.html © 2004 Silicon Graphics, Inc. Permission to redistribute in accordance with Ottawa Linux Symposium paper submission guidelines is granted; all other rights reserved. Silicon Graphics, SGI and Altix are registered trademarks and OpenMP is a trademark of Silicon Graphics, Inc., in the U.S. and/or other countries worldwide. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in several countries. Intel and Itanium are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. Red Hat and all Red Hat-based trademarks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners.
Get More Device Drivers out of the Kernel! Peter Chubb ∗ National ICT Australia and The University of New South Wales peterc@gelato.unsw.edu.au Abstract Now that Linux has fast system calls, good (and getting better) threading, and cheap context switches, it’s possible to write device drivers that live in user space for whole new classes of devices. Of course, some device drivers (Xfree, in particular) have always run in user space, with a little bit of kernel support. With a little bit more kernel support (a way to set up and tear down DMA safely, and a generalised way to be informed of and control interrupts) almost any PCI bus-mastering device could have a user-mode device driver. I shall talk about the benefits and drawbacks of device drivers being in user space or kernel space, and show that performance concerns are not really an issue—in fact, on some platforms, our user-mode IDE driver out-performs the in-kernel one. I shall also present profiling and benchmark results that show where time is spent in in-kernel and user-space drivers, and describe the infrastructure I’ve added to the Linux kernel to allow portable, efficient userspace drivers to be written. ∗ This work was funded by HP, National ICT Australia, the ARC, and the University of NSW through the Gelato programme (http://www.gelato.unsw. edu.au) 1 Introduction Normal device drivers in Linux run in the kernel’s address space with kernel privilege. This is not the only place they can run—see Figure 1. Address Space Kernel Own Client A B Kernel Privilege C D User Figure 1: Where a Device Driver can Live Point A is the normal Linux device driver, linked with the kernel, running in the kernel address space with kernel privilege. Device drivers can also be linked directly with the applications that use them (Point B)— the so-called ‘in-process’ device drivers proposed by [Keedy, 1979]—or run in a separate process, and be talked to by an IPC mechanism (for example, an X server, point D). They can also run with kernel privilege, but with a separate kernel address space (Point
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Proceedings of the Linux Symposium
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The State of ACPI in the Linux Kern
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Conference Organizers Andrew J. Hut
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TCP Connection Passing Werner Almes
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Linux Symposium 2004 • Volume One
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Cooperative Linux Dan Aloni da-x@co
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Build your own Wireless Access Poin
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Linux Block IO—present and future
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Linux AIO Performance and Robustnes
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Methods to Improve Bootup Time in L
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Linux on NUMA Systems Martin J. Bli
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e100 Weight Reduction Program Writi
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NFSv4 and rpcsec_gss for linux J. B
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Comparing and Evaluating epoll, sel
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The (Re)Architecture of the X Windo
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IA64-Linux perf tools for IO dorks
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Demands, Solutions, and Improvement
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Hotplug Memory and the Linux VM Dav
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