Recycling of Low Grade Clothing Waste - Oakdene Hollins
Recycling of Low Grade Clothing Waste - Oakdene Hollins
Recycling of Low Grade Clothing Waste - Oakdene Hollins
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© <strong>Oakdene</strong> <strong>Hollins</strong> Ltd, Salvation Army Trading Company Ltd<br />
Nonwovens Innovation & Research Institute Ltd September 2006<br />
Following needle‐punching, the fabric was structured, using fork needles to<br />
create a rib structure and further orientate the fibres in the Z‐direction. The<br />
fabric was then stabilised by treatment in a through‐air bonding oven at<br />
150°C which allowed flow and fusion <strong>of</strong> the low‐melt sheath <strong>of</strong> the<br />
polyester fibre and the introduction <strong>of</strong> thermal bonding. The final sample<br />
weights varied between 330‐460 g/m 2 .<br />
Table 22: Needle-Punching Process Parameters<br />
Process Parameter<br />
Setting<br />
Needle gauge 32<br />
Needle penetration depth Side 1<br />
Needle penetration depth Side 2<br />
Machine speed<br />
10mm<br />
7mm<br />
2m/min<br />
The fabrics produced using this approach can be seen in Figures 16 and 17.<br />
Figure 16 shows the structured nonwoven material. Channels can be seen<br />
on the surface <strong>of</strong> the fabric created by the fork needles.<br />
Figure 16: Sample 1, Needle-Punched and Structured Glass/Recycled Fibre<br />
Reinforcement<br />
Figure 17 exhibits a cross‐section <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong> the structuring points, it can be<br />
clearly seen that fibre has been reoriented through the structure, in the ‘Z’<br />
direction. It is this architecture that will provide some degree <strong>of</strong> resistance<br />
to compression during composite manufacture.<br />
For Defra Page 105
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