State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2004 - Library

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24 The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2004 areas or neighbouring provinces. Part-time fishers might work seasonally in fishing and return to their village during the summer, or undertake a mix of agriculture and fish farming. The average earnings from fishing can offer higher incomes than those from agricultural farming, although jobs in manufacturing and other economic sectors, generally offer higher compensation than those in agriculture and fishing. THE STATUS OF THE FISHING FLEET After years of expansion of the world fishing fleet until the late 1980s and early 1990s, the number of decked vessels worldwide has remained fairly stable at around 1.3 million. In addition, the world fleet engaged in fishing in marine and inland waters comprised about 2.8 million undecked vessels, 65 percent of which were not powered. About 85 percent of total decked vessels, 50 percent of powered undecked vessels and 83 percent of total non-powered boats were concentrated in Asia. The remaining 15 percent of the world’s total decked fishing vessels were accounted for by Europe (8.9 percent), North and Central America (4.5 percent), Africa (1 percent), South America (0.6 percent) and Oceania (0.2 percent) (Figure 14). Countries in North and Central America had 21 percent of the open fishing vessels with engines; Africa had 16 percent, South America 6 percent, and Oceania 3 percent. The aggregate gross tonnage (GT) of large marine fishing vessels (considered to be those above 100 gross tons) increased to a peak of 15.6 million GT in 1992 (24 074 vessels) and has subsequently declined. 7 However, the number of these vessels increased gradually until 2001 and has remained relatively stable, at around 24 000 vessels, in recent years (Figure 15). In 2002, the number of large vessels increased slightly to 24 406 vessels; and has fluctuated around that number until 2004. However, since 1992 the total tonnage of this fleet has contracted as many countries began to adopt programmes of capacity containment. In 2003, the Russian Federation had the highest fleet capacity measured in GT (24 percent of the total GT), followed by Japan and the United States (7 percent each), Spain (6 percent), Norway (3.5 percent) and Ukraine (3 percent). Two open register countries, Panama and Belize, accounted for 6 percent and vessels of unknown flag made up 4.4 percent of the total GT. 7 Indicators of trends in the large marine fishing vessel fleet (above 100 GT) are based on data from Lloyd’s Maritime Information Services (LMIS). It should be noted that only a small proportion (443 vessels) of the Chinese fleet of about 15 000 vessels over 24 metres length overall (LOA) reported by China to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) pursuant to the Torremolinos Agreement are included in the LMIS. It should also be noted that changes in the measurement of tonnage (from gross registered tonnage [GRT] to GT) requires caution in interpretation of trends in fleet tonnage.
World review of fisheries and aquaculture 25 The average age of the larger marine fishing vessel fleet segment has continued to increase. Whereas in 1992 about 30 percent of vessels were less than ten years old and 6 percent were more than 30 years old, in 2003 these percentages were 13 percent and 28 percent respectively. Figure 16 shows the age profile of the global fleet in 2003. Of the national fleets over 200 000 GT, the Japanese fleet is the youngest (average age 16 years), while the Republic of Korea’s fleet is the oldest (average age 29 years). France and Vanuatu have relatively young fleets (average age 19 and 8 years, respectively), while the fleets of Ghana, the Philippines, Senegal and South Africa all have an average age of over 30 years. Fishing is considered to be one of the most dangerous occupations. The aging fishing fleet raises concerns over the safety of both vessels and crew. Furthermore, standards of accommodation and other conditions for the crew on board these very
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Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS Foreword Acknowledgements
Page 7 and 8: vii TABLES Table 1 World fisheries
Page 9 and 10: ix Figure 23 Total protein supply b
Page 11 and 12: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The State of World
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PART 3 HIGHLIGHTS OF SPECIAL FAO ST
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PART 4 OUTLOOK
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