State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2004 - Library

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48 The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2004 valued at US$3.6 billion, followed by the United States (US$3.3 billion), Canada (US$3.0 billion), Denmark (US$2.9 billion) and Viet Nam (US$2.0 billion). As a result of the growth in its aquaculture production, Viet Nam has significantly increased its exports of fish and fish products in the last decade (from US$0.3 billion in 1992 to US$2.0 billion in 2002), with a more accelerated growth (29 percent per year) since 1999. In 2002, the main target markets for Vietnamese exports were China, Japan and the United States. Forty-eight percent of the country’s exports consisted of shrimps (mainly in frozen form). World fish imports reached a new record of more than US$61 billion in 2002. Developed countries accounted for about 82 percent of the total value of imports of fish products. Despite the 12 percent decrease in imports from 2000 levels, Japan was once again the largest importer of fish and fish products, with a 22 percent share of the world import value in 2002. Japanese fishery imports (US$13.6 billion) accounted for 4 percent of its total merchandise trade. The United States, besides being the world’s fourth largest exporting country, was the second largest importer, with imports remaining relatively stable at US$10 billion since 2000. In 2002, the EU further increased its dependency on imports for its fish supply by 10 percent since 2000. Spain, with
World review of fisheries and aquaculture 49 US$3.9 billion, was the world’s third largest importer of fish and fish products, followed by France (US$3.2 billion), Italy (US$2.9 billion), Germany (US$2.4 billion) and the United Kingdom (US$2.3 billion). Preliminary data suggest that in 2003 major importing markets increased their imports of fish and fish products by about 10 percent. In 2002, a large share of fish production entered international marketing channels, with about 38 percent (live weight equivalent) exported as various food and feed products (Figure 28). Developed countries exported more than 22 million tonnes of fish (in live weight equivalent) in 2002; although a part of this trade may be re-exports, this amount corresponds to nearly 70 percent of their production. Exports from developing countries (28 million tonnes) were around one-quarter of their combined production. The share of developing countries in total fishery exports was 49 percent by value and 55 percent by quantity. A significant share of these exports consisted of fishmeal. In 2002, developing countries contributed about 66 percent, by quantity, of world nonfood fishery exports. Developing countries have also significantly increased their share in the quantity of fish exports destined for human consumption, from 43 percent in 1992 to 49 percent in 2002. In many countries there is considerable two-way trade in fish products. The trade surplus is significant in Africa, China, Oceania and Latin America and the Caribbean (Figure 29). In 2002, 95 countries were net exporters of fish and fishery products, with Canada, Chile, Norway, Thailand and Viet Nam reporting net export values of more than US$1.5 billion each and with Denmark, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Peru and Taiwan Province of China each having net exports worth more than US$1 billion. Although there is a strong trade in fish and fish products among the more developed economies (mostly demersal species, herring, mackerel and salmon), trade tends to flow from the less-developed to the more-developed countries (mainly tuna, small pelagics, shrimps and prawns, rock lobsters and cephalopods). In 2002, about 74 percent of the import value was concentrated in three main areas: the EU, Japan and the United States. In terms of quantity, developed countries imported over 32 million tonnes (live weight equivalent), of which 68 percent was fish for human consumption, while developing countries imported 19 million tonnes (live weight equivalent), of which 47 percent consisted of fish for food. The maps shown in Figure 30 indicate trade flows of fish and fish products by continent for the period 2000–02. The overall picture presented by these maps, however, is not complete. Although the countries that reported their imports over this period (some 158 countries) account for 98 percent of the estimated world total, some continental groups are not covered completely (e.g. about one-third of African
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CONTENTS Foreword Acknowledgements
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vii TABLES Table 1 World fisheries
Page 9 and 10: ix Figure 23 Total protein supply b
Page 11 and 12: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The State of World
Page 13 and 14: xiii IATTC Inter-American Tropical
Page 15 and 16: 3 WORLD REVIEW OF FISHERIES AND AQU
Page 17 and 18: World review of fisheries and aquac
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Page 79 and 80: PART 2 SELECTED ISSUES FACING FISHE
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PART 3 HIGHLIGHTS OF SPECIAL FAO ST
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104 The State of World Fisheries an
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PART 4 OUTLOOK
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