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CHAPTER II. THE RED RIVER BRIGADE OF 180O. '^'HE route from Grand Portage to Lake Winnipeg is too ^^ well known to require description. I shall, therefore, only keep memoranda of the successive obstructions to our daily progress.* Saturday, July igth, 1800, j p. m. Our baggage and other necessaries having been carried over the portage, which is about nine miles, our men fully equipped for the year, and their accounts settled, I set off for Fort Charlotte, where I arrived at 5 p. m. The portage was very bad in some places, being knee-deep in mud and clay, and so slippery as to make walking tedious.^ ' On the regular Rainy River route, from Lake Superior to Lake Winnipeg. Starting from the place still known as Grand Portage, it went overland g m. to Fort Charlotte, on Pigeon r., up this river, down Rainy r. to Lake of the Woods, through this lake to Winnipeg r., and down the latter to Lake Winnipeg. From Pigeon r. to Lake of the Woods the route is identical with the present international boundary between the United States and Canada, separating the State of Minnesota from the Province of Ontario. The text is a bare itinerary, with little incident or description, but it is interesting in giving the names of places in the vernacular of thovoyageurs at the beginning of this century. shall be able to follow Henry closely, and I will take occasion to collate the accounts of various other early travelers—notably of David Thompson, of whose unpublished manuscripts I possess copious notes. He generally uses the English equivalents of Henry's French names, enabling us to compare the two sets of terms with each other and with modern designations. The best early account of the route is in Sir A. McKenzie's classic, orig. ed. 4to, London, 1 801, pp. xlviii-lxii. ^ Grand Portage, of the French and English, was primarily the designation of the long carrying-place over which baggage was taken on men's shoulders from a point on Lake Superior to a point on Pigeon r , 9 m. distant ; but it speedily became the name of the place on the lake whence the We start was made, and also the title of various establishments there. The situation is about 47° 58' N., 89° 39' W., by U. S. charts, on Grand Portage bay (too shallow for 6
THE START FROM GRAND PORTAGE. Sunday, July 20th. The canoes having been given out to the men, to gum and prepare, I found everything ready for our departure ; and early this morning gave out to all their respective loading, which consisted of 28 packages per canoe, assorted for the Saulteur trade on Red river, namely : Merchandise, 90 pounds each. Canal tobacco, Kettles, .... Guns, . . Iron works, .... 5 bales New twist tobacco, . Leaden balls, Leaden shot, Flour, . . . . Sugar, .... Gunpowder, . . . . High wine, 9 gallons each,
Page 1 and 2: w
Page 5 and 6: fbcnt^ an& Ubompson Journals* VOLUM
Page 9 and 10: NE[V LIGHT ON THE EARLY HISTORY OF
Page 11 and 12: 1803-04, 10 60-7 E '57 Y-l K^"s Pre
Page 13 and 14: EDITOR'S PREFACE. ALEXANDER HENRY T
Page 15 and 16: aging. EDITOR S PREFACE. IX His com
Page 17 and 18: editor's preface. xi in all that re
Page 19 and 20: " editor's preface. Xlli too much c
Page 21 and 22: — editor's preface. XV to tell it
Page 23 and 24: EDITORS PREFACE. XVli text, differe
Page 25 and 26: — editor's preface. xix keep my b
Page 27 and 28: EDITOR S PREFACE. XXI earlier years
Page 29 and 30: EDITORS PREFACE. XXlll legend of th
Page 31 and 32: EDITOR S PREFACE. XXV and see thing
Page 33 and 34: EDITOR S PREFACE. XXVli in my notes
Page 35 and 36: . HENRY'S JOURNAL Ipart f THE RED R
Page 37 and 38: A LITTLE TEMPERANCE TRACT. 3 whatev
Page 39: PROFIT OF THE FIRST CAMPAIGN. 5 str
Page 43 and 44: CARIBOU TO THE CHERRY PORTAGES. 9 c
Page 45 and 46: PORTAGE OF THE HEIGHT OF LAND. II n
Page 47 and 48: 3 V KNIFE LAKE AND PORTAGES. 1 we e
Page 49 and 50: CROOKED LAKE AND PORTAGES. 15 they
Page 51 and 52: CROSS LAKE—LAKE NAMAKAN. 1/ up fo
Page 53 and 54: THE TRAVERSE OF RAINY LAKE. I9 put
Page 55 and 56: DOWN RAINY LAKE RIVER. 21 below Man
Page 57 and 58: THE LAKE OF THE WOODS. 23 who had m
Page 59 and 60: THE LAKE OF THE WOODS. 25 which kep
Page 61 and 62: ; WINNIPEG RIVER—DALLES AND PORTA
Page 63 and 64: FATAL ISLAND PORTAGE WRECK. 29 the
Page 65 and 66: DOWN THE WINNIPEG TO THE PINAWA. 31
Page 67 and 68: SUCCESSIVE BONNET PORTAGES. 33 we c
Page 69 and 70: FORT AU BAS DE LA RIVIERE. 35 Aug.
Page 71 and 72: LAKE WINNIPEG—TRAVERSE BAY. 37 Au
Page 73 and 74: LAKE WINNIPEG—GRAND MARAIS. 39 we
Page 75 and 76: ; RED RIVER—NETLEV CREEK. 4I fish
Page 77 and 78: seat of Selkirk, metropolis of the
Page 79 and 80: DIVISION OF THE BRIGADE AT THE FORK
Page 81 and 82: ARRIVAL OF THE ASSINIBOINE BRIGADE.
Page 83 and 84: : ROSTER OF RED RIVER BRIGADE. 49 b
Page 85 and 86: — 1 ROSTER OF RED RIVER BRIGADE.
Page 87 and 88: LIST OF THE INDIANS. 53 Having sent
Page 89 and 90: STINKING RIVER. 55 I now embarked a
Page 91 and 92:
; THE VOYAGE RESUMED. 57 vinced the
Page 93 and 94:
; TABASHAW MAKES HIS MEANING CLEAR.
Page 95 and 96:
CHABOILLEZ'S HOUSE—VOYAGE RESUMED
Page 97 and 98:
SCRATCHING RIVER. 63 the ground, fo
Page 99 and 100:
A BUFFALO HUNT. 65 when behold! the
Page 101 and 102:
PLUM RIVER—GRAND MARAIS. 67 Sault
Page 103 and 104:
SWAMP RIVER—REED RIVER. 69 ordina
Page 105 and 106:
A QUIET SYMPOSIUM. 71 At twelve o'c
Page 107 and 108:
BEAUTY RUINED AND FESTIVITIES RESTO
Page 109 and 110:
observed ALARM CONTINUED—COUNCIL
Page 111 and 112:
; THE BRIGADE AGAIN DIVIDED. 'J'J N
Page 113 and 114:
ON TO PEMBINA. 79 a beautiful effec
Page 115 and 116:
1 PEMBINA RIVER AND MOUNTAINS. 8 Gr
Page 117 and 118:
TONGUE RIVER—A FALSE ALARM. 83 E.
Page 119 and 120:
TWO RIVERS—ANOTHER FALSE ALARM. 8
Page 121 and 122:
BUFFALO AT BOIS PERCE—BEAR KILLED
Page 123 and 124:
PARK RIVER REACHED. 89 drink. We ob
Page 125 and 126:
SITE OF PARK RIVER POST SELECTED. 9
Page 127 and 128:
BUILDING BEGUN. 93 would permit, pr
Page 129 and 130:
, FEAR AN EXCELLENT OVERSEER. 95 lo
Page 131 and 132:
— JOHN tanner's narrative NOTED.
Page 133 and 134:
; ; MORE BUFFALO THAN EVER. 99 and
Page 135 and 136:
WORK PROGRESSING—BEARS NUMEROUS.
Page 137 and 138:
SOME FRESH ALERTS. IO3 canoe. One o
Page 139 and 140:
CROOKED LEGS STABS HIS YOUNG WIFE.
Page 141 and 142:
AN OBJECT OF SUSPICION. I07 they wo
Page 143 and 144:
"WHO IS THERE?" " C'EST MOI, BOURGE
Page 145 and 146:
! ANOTHER COMMOTION IN CAMP. Ill Ab
Page 147 and 148:
VOYAGE DOWN RIVER TO LANGLOIS. II3
Page 149 and 150:
5 PEMBINA PASSED—PORCUPINE-GRASS.
Page 151 and 152:
FROM REED RIVER TO HAIR HILLS POST.
Page 153 and 154:
FROM HAIR HILLS TO PEMBINA RIVER. I
Page 155 and 156:
GRIZZLY AND BLACK BEARS. 121 where
Page 157 and 158:
stock of WOOD USED FOR THE PARK RIV
Page 159 and 160:
WABENO—INDIAN GRATITUDE—PROPOSE
Page 161 and 162:
Marshall Co., RED LAKE RIVER—BLAC
Page 163 and 164:
TO THE MOUTH OF THIEF RIVER. 1 29 w
Page 165 and 166:
— RETURN TO PARK RIVER POST. 131
Page 167 and 168:
RUSH MATS—MAD WOLVES. 1 33 wished
Page 169 and 170:
CHILD BURNED—MICE— BULLY BEATEN
Page 171 and 172:
CHARLO AND HENRY START UP RIVER. 13
Page 173 and 174:
GRAND FORKS OF RED RIVER. 1 39 and
Page 175 and 176:
; SAND HILL RIVER. I4I plain. At su
Page 177 and 178:
WILD RICE RIVER. 143 the S., and th
Page 179 and 180:
BOIS DES SIOUX RIVER. I45 the Panis
Page 181 and 182:
, BUFFALO AND WILD RICE RIVERS. I47
Page 183 and 184:
CONNECTIONS OF RED RIVER IN MINNESO
Page 185 and 186:
RETURN TO CAMP AT GRAND FORKS. 15I
Page 187 and 188:
TRIP TO LANGLOIS' POST AT REED RIVE
Page 189 and 190:
AND BACK TO PARK RIVER POST. 155 no
Page 191 and 192:
WOLVES—SKUNKS—RACCOONS—BEARS.
Page 193 and 194:
ALBINO BUFFALO—CROOKED LEGS' PLIG
Page 195 and 196:
CHARLO DYING—CHILD TORN ASUNDER.
Page 197 and 198:
— MEDICINE MAN LIARD'S DAUGHTER.
Page 199 and 200:
BERDASH APPEARS TO ADVANTAGE. 165 f
Page 201 and 202:
PLAINS BLACK WITH BUFFALO—CHARLO
Page 203 and 204:
MRS. HENRY CHANGES HER MIND. 169 wh
Page 205 and 206:
cow ROPED—SOAP MADE— RACCOONS O
Page 207 and 208:
EXPRESS OFF— SIGNS OF SPRING. 1 7
Page 209 and 210:
ADVANCE OF THE SEASON—FORT DAUPHI
Page 211 and 212:
cows AND CALVES—CANOES SENT OFF.
Page 213 and 214:
TABASHAW RECEIVES A REVELATION. 1 7
Page 215 and 216:
SKIN CANOES—PEMBINA SITE SELECTED
Page 217 and 218:
firearms as I DOWN RED RIVER TO THE
Page 219 and 220:
— CHAPTER IV. THE PEMBINA RIVER P
Page 221 and 222:
H. B. AND X. Y. OPPOSITION. 18/ Sep
Page 223 and 224:
LANGLOIS' NEW HOUSE ON HAIR HILLS.
Page 225 and 226:
; VARIOUS MOVEMENTS AND OCCUPATIONS
Page 227 and 228:
— DEROUINES AND TRIPS TO OUTPOSTS
Page 229 and 230:
WINTER EXPRESS—SPRING OPENING. I9
Page 231 and 232:
DOMESTIC TROUBLE—SAULTEURS KILLED
Page 233 and 234:
, WABANO—READINESS TO DEPART. 199
Page 235 and 236:
1 FROM PEMBINA TO WINNIPEG. 20 unti
Page 237 and 238:
see ARRANGEMENT OF MEN—RETURN TO
Page 239 and 240:
NEW CARTS—BLOODSHED—LE BCEUF. 2
Page 241 and 242:
; ROUND TRIP TO VARIOUS POSTS. 20/
Page 243 and 244:
! SEVERAL MURDERS—THE ROOT OF ALL
Page 245 and 246:
PROGRESS OF THE SEASON, APRIL AND M
Page 247 and 248:
3; ROUND TRIP TO PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE
Page 249 and 250:
FROM WINNIPEG TO BAS DE LA RIVIERE.
Page 251 and 252:
7 THE KAMINISTIQUIA ROUTE. 21 ter,
Page 253 and 254:
— ARRIVAL AT FORT WILLIAM. 219 th
Page 255 and 256:
— FORT WILLIAM HENRY'S RETURNS. 2
Page 257 and 258:
FORT WILLIAM—RODERIC M'KENZIE. 22
Page 259 and 260:
THE RETURN TO PEMBINA. 22$ Sept. 2'
Page 261 and 262:
no henry's pilgrims' progress. 227
Page 263 and 264:
at's liver—visiting outposts. 229
Page 265 and 266:
1 AMENITIES AND ASPERITIES. 23 unde
Page 267 and 268:
a; VISITING Cameron's and cotton's
Page 269 and 270:
CAMERON DEAD—EXPENSIVE FORNICATIO
Page 271 and 272:
LAKE MANITOBA—DESJARLAIX. 237 riv
Page 273 and 274:
; TRIP TO HAIR HILLS—SERIOUS DISP
Page 275 and 276:
NEW HAIR HILLS POST—GOOD ASSINIBO
Page 277 and 278:
TRIPLE FRACAS—FORT ON FIRE—FIVE
Page 279 and 280:
. DEPARTURE FROM PEMBINA. 245 durin
Page 281 and 282:
; CHAPTER VII. THE PEMBINA RIVER PO
Page 283 and 284:
ARRIVAL AT WINNIPEG—DEATH OF V. S
Page 285 and 286:
LIQUOR MIXED—USUAL RESULTS—TRIP
Page 287 and 288:
PET BEAR—WILLIAM HENRY—VISIT TO
Page 289 and 290:
NEWS OF THE N. W. AND X. Y. COALITI
Page 291 and 292:
THE MERRY, MERRY MONTH OF MAY. 257
Page 293 and 294:
. NELSON—BETHUNE— CALDWELL. 259
Page 295 and 296:
THE TONGUE RIVER MASSACRE. 261 isla
Page 297 and 298:
A HENRY AND TANNER CONCORDANCE. 263
Page 299 and 300:
The WORD FROM THE WAR PARTY. 265 in
Page 301 and 302:
GOOD RESOLUTIONS—OUTPOSTS—DEAD
Page 303 and 304:
PETER PANGMAN—NEW ARRIVALS. 269 m
Page 305 and 306:
— FATAL RESULT. 2/1 the Indian ut
Page 307 and 308:
cow CAUGHT—ECLIPSE—ORGIES CONTI
Page 309 and 310:
EXPRESS—DEATH OF HUGHES. 275 Apr.
Page 311 and 312:
VARIOUS BRIGADES EN ROUTE. 277 June
Page 313 and 314:
— JOHN OF GARTH AND OTHER M'DONAL
Page 315 and 316:
EN ROUTE BACK TO PEMBINA. 281 river
Page 317 and 318:
RETURNS OF 1806, CONTINUED. 283 Nor
Page 319 and 320:
CHAPTER IX. THE MANDAN TOUR: 1806.
Page 321 and 322:
GRAND PASSAGE OF THE ASSINIBOINE. 2
Page 323 and 324:
FOURNIER PRAIRIE—ROAD TO SHOAL LA
Page 325 and 326:
PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE POST. 291 Here I
Page 327 and 328:
— THE ATTACK ON THIS POST IN 1 78
Page 329 and 330:
WINTER POST—INDIAN TRAMP—HORSE
Page 331 and 332:
— devil's mountain—MOUSE RIVER.
Page 333 and 334:
— FORT ASSINIBOINE—SWAN RIVER N
Page 335 and 336:
PREVIOUS MANDAN TOURS NOTED. 301 ba
Page 337 and 338:
; PREVIOUS MANDAN TOURS NOTED. 303
Page 339 and 340:
, RAPID RIVER SIGHTED—PLUM RIVER
Page 341 and 342:
; PLENTY OF WATER—ASSINIBOINE CAM
Page 343 and 344:
TURTLE MOUNTAIN SIGHTED AND NOTED.
Page 345 and 346:
CUT BANK CREEK—MURDER OF MENARD.
Page 347 and 348:
MOUSE RIVER REGAINED AND CROSSED. 3
Page 349 and 350:
; SOUTH TO THE COTEAU DU MISSOURI.
Page 351 and 352:
LOST ON THE COTEAU—ALARMING OBJEC
Page 353 and 354:
; SULLEN SILENCE—snake's DEN SIGH
Page 355 and 356:
SNAKE AND WOLF CREEKS—PRICKLY PEA
Page 357 and 358:
LOWER BIG BELLY, SOULIER, AND MANDA
Page 359 and 360:
BILL OF FARE—CARE OF HORSES. 325
Page 361 and 362:
the dance and song. FRUIT OF THE FO
Page 363 and 364:
great numbers ; J. B. LAFRANCE—LE
Page 365 and 366:
1 BULL-BOAT FERRY TO BIG WHITE'S VI
Page 367 and 368:
RENE JUSSOMME—PAWNEE EMBASSY. 333
Page 369 and 370:
GESTURE SPEECH—DIPLOMATIC ULTIMAT
Page 371 and 372:
VENATORIAL COMMUNISM. 337 racers. T
Page 373 and 374:
; MANDAN ARCHITECTURE. 339 the thic
Page 375 and 376:
THOSE " WELSH " INDIANS : SEE L. AN
Page 377 and 378:
ROASTING—COUGHING—HOEING. 343 b
Page 379 and 380:
GREAT BIG BELLIES ON KNIFE RIVER. 3
Page 381 and 382:
THE BIG BELLIES CHARACTERIZED. 347
Page 383 and 384:
FURTHER ACCOUNT OF THE BIG BELLIES.
Page 385 and 386:
BIG BELLIED COSMOGONY. 35 I people,
Page 387 and 388:
SIGNIFICANT SHAKES OF THE TAIL. 353
Page 389 and 390:
PRICES OF HORSES AND TURKEY TAILS.
Page 391 and 392:
; MANNERS AT TABLE AND ELSEWHERE. 3
Page 393 and 394:
SIOUX—SERENE GEORGICS—CHEYENNE
Page 395 and 396:
— EVIDENCE OF ANOTHER COLLISION W
Page 397 and 398:
HORSE RACING—GAMBLING ON THE GREE
Page 399 and 400:
— ATROCIOUS TORMENTS TATTOO. 365
Page 401 and 402:
CHAPTER X. THE CHEYENNE TREATY: 180
Page 403 and 404:
POLYGAMOUS GENERALISSIMO CHOKE-CHER
Page 405 and 406:
BAD WATER— STEM OF CEREMONY—HAL
Page 407 and 408:
DISCIPLINE ENFORCED—MARCH RESUMED
Page 409 and 410:
THE STIFF-NECKED CAVALCADE SWEEPS O
Page 411 and 412:
CHEYENNE CAVALRY ADVANCES. 377 idea
Page 413 and 414:
; RECEPTION BY LE BORGNE HIMSELF. 3
Page 415 and 416:
1 VENGEANCE IS MINE, SAITH THE LORD
Page 417 and 418:
CHEYENNE TRAITS—GESTURE-SPEECH. 3
Page 419 and 420:
INOPPORTUNE ARRIVAL OF ASSINIBOINES
Page 421 and 422:
THE GREAT MAN RAGES PRUDENTLY. 387
Page 423 and 424:
FILIAL AND PATERNAL REGARDS. 389 oc
Page 425 and 426:
BAD BUSINESS AND WORSE BEVERAGE. 39
Page 427 and 428:
THREATENED RUPTURE OF DIPLOMATIC RE
Page 429 and 430:
; SACRIFICIAL SOAKING OF A HIDE. 39
Page 431 and 432:
; EXCEPT THE BILL OF FARE. 397 erty
Page 433 and 434:
; ROCKY MOUNTAIN CROWS AND FLATHEAD
Page 435 and 436:
SPEEDING THE PARTING GUESTS. 4OI he
Page 437 and 438:
FINAL ADIEU TO THE MANDANS. 403 qui
Page 439 and 440:
; EN ROUTE DE RETOUR. 405 our backs
Page 441 and 442:
THUNDER SHOWER—BELLOWING BULLS. 4
Page 443 and 444:
STAMPEDE—INUNDATION—GROSSE BUTT
Page 445 and 446:
HORSES LOST—MOUSE RIVER AT WOOD E
Page 447 and 448:
TURTLE MOUNTAIN. 413 surrounded wit
Page 449 and 450:
THE ASSINIBOINE RIVER HOUSE. 415 a
Page 451 and 452:
ROUTE RESUMED—CYPRESS RIVER RAFTE
Page 453 and 454:
TETE DE BOEUF—THE PINANCEWAYWININ
Page 455 and 456:
1 HOME AGAIN FROM THE MANDAN TOUR.
Page 457 and 458:
DEATH-BLOW TO PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE. 4
Page 459 and 460:
TO GRANDES FOURCHES VTA HAIR HILLS.
Page 461 and 462:
BATTLES BETWEEN SIOUX AND SAULTEURS
Page 463 and 464:
henry's hennery—DURING THE BOISSO
Page 465 and 466:
SUMMER WEARS ON—DRINKING CONTINUE
Page 467 and 468:
THE COHORN TALKS TO THE SIOUX. 433
Page 469 and 470:
night to attack us. ON THE TRAIL OF
Page 471 and 472:
THE ADVENTURE ENDS IN SMOKE. 437 di
Page 473 and 474:
EXPRESS IN—DUNCAN M'GILLIVRAY DEA
Page 475 and 476:
1 PREPARATIONS FOR DEPARTURE. 44 I
Page 477 and 478:
— ; MANNING AND LADING OF CANOES.
Page 479 and 480:
, , , COST OF THE NINE MONTHS' RATI
Page 488 and 489:
^p. ^5& Date Due_^___,
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