Edited by Rachel Duncan 4th Edition ISBN 0-907649-91-2 London ...
Edited by Rachel Duncan 4th Edition ISBN 0-907649-91-2 London ...
Edited by Rachel Duncan 4th Edition ISBN 0-907649-91-2 London ...
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6. NAVIGATION..................................................................................................... 56<br />
6.1 Maps ..................................................................................................................................<br />
6.2 Compasses .........................................................................................................................<br />
6.3 Altimeters ..........................................................................................................................<br />
6.4 Global Positioning Systems (GPS)....................................................................................<br />
6.5 Sextants .............................................................................................................................<br />
6.6 Local knowledge ...............................................................................................................<br />
6.7 Finding your way...............................................................................................................<br />
6.8 The environment................................................................................................................<br />
6.9 Fog and whiteout ...............................................................................................................<br />
6.10 Marking of routes ............................................................................................................<br />
7. COMMUNICATIONS ......................................................................................... 64<br />
7.1 Written messages...............................................................................................................<br />
7.2 Visual and audible signalling devices ...............................................................................<br />
7.3 Radio .................................................................................................................................<br />
7.4 Satellite communications...................................................................................................<br />
7.5 Power supplies...................................................................................................................<br />
7.6 Suppliers of radio equipment.............................................................................................<br />
8. SAFETY ............................................................................................................. 72<br />
8.1 Snowfields, glaciers and icecaps .......................................................................................<br />
8.2 River crossings ..................................................................................................................<br />
8.3 Emergency shelters............................................................................................................<br />
8.4 Tundra ...............................................................................................................................<br />
8.5 Ten rules for survival ........................................................................................................<br />
8.6 Objective dangers ..............................................................................................................<br />
8.7 Animals .............................................................................................................................<br />
9. POLAR MEDICINE ............................................................................................ 79<br />
9.1 Medical Preparations.........................................................................................................<br />
9.2 Field arrangements ............................................................................................................<br />
9.3 Medical problems specific to Polar Regions.....................................................................<br />
10. PHOTOGRAPHY UNDER POLAR CONDITIONS.......................................... 87<br />
10.1 Extreme cold....................................................................................................................<br />
10.2 Selecting cameras ............................................................................................................<br />
10.3 Winterising equipment ....................................................................................................<br />
10.4 Procedures and precautions .............................................................................................<br />
10.5 Pictorial effects................................................................................................................<br />
10.6 Exposure..........................................................................................................................<br />
11. APPENDICES.................................................................................................. 94<br />
11.1 UK Polar Expedition Resources and useful websites......................................................<br />
11.2. Regional information on polar areas: .............................................................................<br />
I. Arctic Ocean/North Pole..........................................................................................<br />
II. Arctic U.S.A. ..........................................................................................................<br />
III. Arctic Canada ........................................................................................................<br />
IV. Greenland (and Iceland)........................................................................................<br />
V. Svalbard (Norway).................................................................................................<br />
VI. Russian Federation ................................................................................................<br />
VII. Antarctica.............................................................................................................
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