Edited by Rachel Duncan 4th Edition ISBN 0-907649-91-2 London ...

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90 RGS-IBG Polar Expeditions Manual LLOYD, E. L. (1986) Hypothermia and Cold Stress. Croom Helm, London MILNE, A. H. and Siderfin, C. D. (1995) Kurafid. 4th edition. British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Road, Cambridge. Advanced first aid for well-equipped expeditions RIVOLIER, J., Goldsmith, R., Lugg, D. J. and Taylor, A. J. W. (1988) Man in the Antarctic. Taylor & Francis, London. A summary of research work in polar areas WEISS, E (1997) Comprehensive Guide to Wilderness and Travel Medicine. Adventure Medical Kits, USA. Hip-pocket sized field medicine manual used by American Antarctic Program. WILKERSON, A.J. (1986) Hypothermia, frostbite and other cold injuries: prevention, recognition and pre-hospital treatment. The Mountaineers, Seattle, WA: 105pp.
Photography under Polar Conditions 91 Chapter 10: PHOTOGRAPHY UNDER POLAR CONDITIONS Except in extreme cold, most cameras will operate adequately in the polar environment and indeed in most cases will be spared the horrors of sand. Whatever equipment you choose, it is well worthwhile designating one of your party as prime photographer. Invariably the most interesting pictures will stem from times when unless the right priorities are pre-arranged, no-one is thinking of taking pictures. In times of minor (or even major) crisis when everyone feels they should be pitching in, the designated photographer should not feel guilty but ensure that possibly the most exciting moments of the expedition are captured on film. His role is critical and it is for the other members of the group to remember that he has a place and not resent his apparent lack of contribution to the hard work at times. It is a difficult role with conflicting responsibilities. It is far better to duplicate on film, rather than afterwards. Copy transparencies are always poorer quality and more expensive to produce. Before the expedition starts, agree who will keep and own the photographs taken. Much of this chapter refers to extreme cold but the section on exposure applies to all snow conditions. 10.1 Extreme cold Extreme cold stresses cameras, film, and other equipment, as well as the photographer. In Polar regions winter temperatures can fall to –40°C or lower. Under such conditions, camera shutters can become sluggish and unreliable, or even fail completely. Lens diaphragms and auto-focus mechanisms often bind, and film-transport mechanisms stiffen. Lens elements contract and may separate. Batteries lose efficiency and deliver only a small portion of their energy. Battery-operated flash units, motor drives, exposure systems, and motion-picture camera drives may not function. Film may become brittle and break in the camera. If you are likely to encounter such problems, fully selecting your equipment and keeping it warm, and, perhaps, winterizing it, will provide more reliable operation and better photographic results. The advantage of a compact camera is that you can keep it close to your body core, only bringing it out for very brief periods. 10.2 Selecting cameras The camera that you select is a matter of personal choice. Do not, however, expect reliable performance from equipment that has not been tested under the particular working conditions you expect to encounter. Shakedown testing ahead of time will usually uncover any malfunctions or problems.
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Edited by Rachel Duncan 4th Edition
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6. NAVIGATION......................
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INTRODUCTION TO THIS EDITION This m
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The Polar Environment 7 except for
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1.3.4 Precipitation Figure 1: Wind
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The Polar Environment 11 UK MET OFF
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Planning 13 you will probably enjoy
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Planning 15 up and identifying any
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• Litter search completed before
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Campcraft, Equipment and Clothing 1
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3.5.5 Head and face Campcraft, Equi
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**Misc distress beacon altimeter wa
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Sportsnett Norge AS PO box 5914 Maj
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4.2 Nutrition Food and Cooking 33 T
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Food and Cooking 35 proposed, then
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Food and Cooking 37 When melting sn
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Page 55 and 56: Transport and Travel 55 • Packing
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Page 113 and 114: Appendices 113 TILMAN, W. H. (1987)
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Page 119 and 120: Appendices 119 SALE, Richard (2002)
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Edited by Rachel Duncan 4th Edition ISBN 0-907649-91-2 London ...

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