Edited by Rachel Duncan 4th Edition ISBN 0-907649-91-2 London ...

Safety 79
There are a number of animals in the Arctic which present a threat. Whilst most
animals will cautiously retreat when approached, it is better if the casual explorer observes
the larger species from a discreet and safe distance.
8.7.1 Bear (Polar and Grizzlies)
Polar bears are one of the world’s most dangerous animals to man. They are hunters and
will not distinguish between you and a seal. Their sense of smell is outstanding and you
will be smelt from a great distance. In certain areas, e.g. Svalbard, you must carry a rifle
and know how to use it. Nevertheless it is illegal to kill a polar bear unless in self-defence.
In other areas (such as northern Canada), they are a protected species. In such areas they
may have less fear of man and will approach more closely. A polar bear's main diet is seal
(usually the Ringed Seal) but they are opportunists, and may become a nuisance when the
break-up of sea ice restricts their seal catch.
Use trip wires placed at least 25m from camp. These activate a blank charge, which
may frighten off the bear but will certainly alert you to the presence of an intruder.
The procedures therefore are different. If you have a rifle (which should be
approved, permitted and practised with) and if a bear reaches 15–20m distance you should
shoot to scare it away – most should run off at this stage. If within 6m and advancing,
shoot at the heart to kill.
There are signs as to a bear’s intent. A curious bear will often approach slowly,
stopping now and then, craning its neck, sniffing. It will move its head from side to side,
up and down. An aggressive bear will show more determination, and may often attack
without warning. Sometimes, however, it may give you an aggressive signal in advance,
for example by blowing violently through its nose like an angry bull, or by gnashing its
teeth with a smacking sound. A polar bear will usually attack very quickly. At a rapid trot
or in great, supple leaps it will aim directly at its prey. If possible, fire warning shots or
throw flares onto the ground around the bear.
Always carry a weapon when travelling in polar bear areas. Keep calm if you see a
bear approaching. Keep your weapon ready and withdraw slowly if the bear comes closer.
You cannot outrun a polar bear. If you find yourself in a dangerous situation, throw down
your hat, mitten, scarf, etc. The bear will usually stop to sniff the garment, which may give
you time to reach safety.