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Cover Story A Deep Dive Into the Ecobilan Model The FTTH Council’s goal in commissioning the Ecobilan study was to start developing a standard approach for evaluating FTTH solutions, using globally accepted life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The study meets a set of international standards called ISO 14040, for environmental assessment based on consistent and relevant data, but it does not cover all possible deployment scenarios. Use it as a starting point for your own discussions. FTTH Scenarios and Assumptions The study models the entire network from the central office (CO) to the user. It covers the passive components of the outside plant fiber network (the cable and the hardware) as well as the active equipment components in the access network. It does not consider the infrastructure associated with the metro or long-haul portions of the network, on the theory that it is in place and would be expanded in any event. Thus, it may slightly understate the impact of rural deployments far from intercity fiber trunks, which require expansion of the long-haul networks that might otherwise not take place. On the other hand, it does not include the very latest versions of FTTH equipment coming onto the market, with lower energy consumption both in absolute terms and in energy-per-bit efficiency. The study integrates the environmental impacts associated with the fiber networks from their construction to the end of their useful life, excluding maintenance. Based primarily on conversations with vendors and deployers, Ecobilan made the following critical nationwide assumptions to generate its “typical” GPON model. Network deployers should make adjustments based on their individual circumstances. • Electricity is generated using 48.56 percent coal, 3.37 percent oil, 16.42 percent natural gas, 19.30 percent nuclear, 7.49 percent hydro and 2.11 percent renewable sources (data from the International Energy Agency). • Passive equipment has a life of 30 to 50 years, while active network elements last 5 to 10 years. • LTA and CTC cable are used in equal amounts. A 72-fiber LTA cable is mainly made of HDPE (high-density polyethylene) and polyester with glass, while the CTC cable of same fiber count is made mainly of HDPE, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and the glass fiber. • Aerial cable is an outdoor cable consolidated with FRP (glass and a polyester resin) and additional polyethylene. • Buried cable is an outdoor cable armored with steel. • Indoor cable is 24-fiber H-Pace, made mainly of LSOH (low smoke zero halogen), which was modeled as if it were polypropylene. Network Life Cycle Benefits of telecommuting, versus six major environmental impacts, assuming no customer growth; the environmental cost of building the network is paid back in six years. Most of a fiber network’s energy impact is in construction, not operation. The life cycle of a fiber-to-the-home network. Assuming 25 percent customer growth, the payback is in four years. 32 | BROADBAND PROPERTIES | www.broadbandproperties.com | January/February 2009
cover story Environmental Impacts Modeled by Ecobilan Impacts over the network life cycle. Beyond their environment-friendly aspects, FTTH solutions can offer considerable additional social and economical benefits for the emerging digital era – better health care, more efficient industry, enhanced educational opportunities, flexible security systems and more. • Drop cable is a monomode optical fiber made mainly of photopolymerisable material (acrylic resin) and glass fiber, which was modeled as silica. • Cable distances were estimated based on answers to a questionnaire sent to US deployers. • Each ONT weighs 780 grams (1.7 pounds), and is a 50/50 mix of steel and HDPE. • An OLT rack is a 50/50 mix of steel and HDPE as well. One PON OLT uses two OLT racks. • Splitters weigh 500 grams (just over 1 pound) and are made of HDPE. • Distribution boxes weigh 3 kg (6.6 pounds) and are also made of HDPE. • Each OLT serves 410 users, and each user has an ONT. Operating impacts. January/February 2009 | www.broadbandproperties.com | BROADBAND PROPERTIES | 33
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Page 44 and 45: Bringing Fiber to the MDU: A Conver
Page 46 and 47: VATS - the Verizon Advanced Termina
Page 48 and 49: Telemedicine Healthy Business: Home
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Page 68 and 69: INDEPENDENT TELCOS Gorham Telephone
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