dogu-turkistan-sempozyumu

Important Crossroads and the Chinese Occupation in the History of Eastern Turkistan / Prof Alaeddin Yalcinkaya
Khan. The Muslim Turks in Eastern Turkistan suffered greatly during the era of
Jagatai Khan and other shaman Khans. However, this suffering came to an end
when Mubarek Shah took all of Eastern Turkistan completely under his control.
The Jagatai Khanate was divided into two in 1340, into the Eastern and the
Western parts. Tugluk Tamburlaine, the Eastern Jagatai Khan who governed the
east of the Pamir Mountains, (1359-1370) re-united the Jagatai Khanate during
his reign. 7
Nevertheless, Tamburlaine, who was in the service of the Samarqand Amir,
took advantage of the lack of authority that was caused by the weakening of the
Jagatai Khanate, and seized control of the neighboring provinces, establishing
the Tamburlaine State in 1370. He took control of all of Turkistan over a very
short period of time and included many other states into his borders. When he
died in 1405, the state lost all the territories other than that of Turkistan. Eastern
Turkistan remained under the rule of the Tamburlaine State until the death of
Uluğ Khan. Although there was no longer a formal Jagatai state, the khans who
were descendents from this family continued to rule Eastern Turkistan. The khans
that ruled Eastern Turkistan until the early 17 th century were from the Jagatai
family; that is namely Abdülkerim Khan and later his brother Muhammed Khan.
In this era, struggles and conflicts among the sons of Genghis and Tamburlaine,
as well as the neighboring Turkic states often had an effect on Eastern Turkistan.
This was a glorious period in terms of science and culture, if not in terms of
political unity and hegemony outside the region; many great people were educated
in the realms of science and culture. The period from the early 17 th century to the
Chinese occupation in 1757 is known as the Era of the Hodjas.
The era of the Hodjas and Chinese invasions
Abdülkerim Khan, who ruled between 1559 and 1591, invited Hodja Ishak
Veli, the son of Mahmud-i Azam, a great scholar from Western Turkistan, to
his country to establish unity in Eastern Turkistan. Hodja Ishak Veli traveled
around the whole of Eastern Turkistan and reminded the people that Muslims
are brothers and sisters, and invited people to unity and solidarity. Unity and
solidarity were significantly increased in the country, and this prevented the
disintegration of the state. Later, many hodjas, descendants of leading sheiks and
scholars in Western Turkistan, such as Hodja Mahmud-i Azam, Hodja Ahmed
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