HERBICIDES in Asian rice - IRRI books - International Rice ...

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Way JM, Newman JF, Moore NW, Knaggs FW. 1971. Some ecological effects of the use of paraquat for the control of weeds in small lakes. J. Appl. Ecol. 8:509-532. Wong AS, Crosby DG. 1981. Photodecomposition of pentachlorophenol in water. J. Agric. Food Chem. 29:125-130. [WSSA] Weed Science Society of America. 1989. Herbicide handbook, 6th ed. Champaign (Illinois): WSSA. 301 p. Yih RY, McRae DH, Wilson HF. 1968. Metabolism of 3,4-dichloropropionanilide: 3,4- dichloroaniline-lignin complex in rice plants. Science 161:376-377. Zepp RG, Wolfe NL, Gordon JA, Baughman GL. 1975. Dynamics of 2,4-D ester in surface waters. Environ. Sci. Technol. 9:1144-1150. NOTES Author’s address: Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Citation information: Naylor R, ed. 1996. Herbicides in Asian rice: transitions in weed management. Palo Alto (California): Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, and Manila (Philippines): International Rice Research Institute. Impact of herbicide use on the environment 107
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DEDICATION To Keith Moody WEED SCIE
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The International Rice Research Ins
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Bioherbicides and weed management i
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ful insects caused adverse response
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The need to raise yields and mainta
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Any volume that dra
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Overview
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as more lucrative, full-time job op
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Table 3. Herbicide use in rice prod
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only 3.3:1. The benefit-cost ratio
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EFFECTS ON SOCIETY AND ECOSYSTEMS S
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mulate in soils and in water tables
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unds from the field into canals and
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tion. Even if herbicide mixtures ar
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plant pathogens for controlling gra
Page 35 and 36:
spectrum herbicides glufosinate-amm
Page 37 and 38:
De Datta SK. 1981. Principles and p
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Li KM, Li PZ. 1996. Effect of herbi
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Vongsaroj P. 1994. Weed control in
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i ce env ironments and how they res
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Soil fertility. Monochoria vaginali
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Such problems could be avoided by a
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Ho NK, Md Zuki I. 1988. Weed popula
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HERBICIDES IN UNITED STATES RICE PR
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LOSSES TO WEEDS IN U.S. RICE US. ri
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propanil, which remains the backbon
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4. U.S. rice yields and adoption of
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6. Use of herbicides to control bro
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8. Thiobencarb and molinate transpo
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oping programs that curtail negativ
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Dunshee CF, Jones JW. 1924. Results
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Impacts of herbicides
Page 71 and 72: Pesticide users The pesticide user
Page 73 and 74: Table 3. Frequency of pesticide app
Page 75 and 76: Poly- Multiple Eye Pulmonary neurop
Page 77 and 78: (weight/height) had the expected ne
Page 79 and 80: Table 5. Anticipated health costs o
Page 81 and 82: When no consideration is given to h
Page 83 and 84: MAFF. 1991. Pesticides approved und
Page 85 and 86: and analyzed. We used this data bas
Page 87 and 88: soluble herbicide is distributed in
Page 89 and 90: of the rice herbicides thiobencarb
Page 91 and 92: germination because they compete fo
Page 93 and 94: in N 2 fixation and nitrate reducti
Page 95 and 96: Table 3. Effects of pesticides on n
Page 97 and 98: transformations in soils are studie
Page 99 and 100: Floodwater invertebrates Applicatio
Page 101 and 102: tally prevented photosynthetic acti
Page 103 and 104: CITED REFERENCES Almazan LL, Robles
Page 105 and 106: Mandal BB, Bandyopadhyay P, Bandyop
Page 107 and 108: Smith RJ, Flinchum WT, Seaman DE. 1
Page 110 and 111: IMPACT OF HERBICIDE USE ON THE ENVI
Page 112 and 113: Factors that reduce toxic risk Phys
Page 114 and 115: Table 3. Persistence in soil of ric
Page 116 and 117: One infamous herbicide spill occurr
Page 118 and 119: investigated because of the large,
Page 120 and 121: Given the current state of knowledg
Page 124 and 125: EFFECT OF HERBICIDE USE ON AQUACULT
Page 126 and 127: Use of agricultural chemicals in fi
Page 128 and 129: Table 2. Effect of pentachloropheno
Page 130 and 131: persist for several years. Phenolic
Page 132 and 133: Table 5. Reduction of aquatic weeds
Page 134: Jiang JF. 1992. Scale-optimal manag
Page 137 and 138: the crop and the weed, crop density
Page 139 and 140: and their relative times of emergen
Page 141 and 142: CITED REFERENCES Aldrich RJ. 1984.
Page 144 and 145: ECOLOGICAL FORCES INFLUENCING WEED
Page 146 and 147: Table 2. Cumulative temperature req
Page 148 and 149: 1988 1992 1,257,158 1,193,354 679,3
Page 150 and 151: Crop rotation. Rotation of differen
Page 152 and 153: demand for herbicide combinations c
Page 154 and 155: • Through the selection of a natu
Page 156 and 157: Preventing or managing herbicide re
Page 158: Integrated weed management
Page 161 and 162: Direct control methods involve cult
Page 163 and 164: Table 1. Herbicides used for weed c
Page 165 and 166: Table 3. New rice herbicides and he
Page 167 and 168: The greatest constraints to widespr
Page 169 and 170: Nitrogen fertilizer management In A
Page 171 and 172: for drought tolerance (Pamplona et
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uried propagules to freezing temper
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able rainfall, with the resulting e
Page 177 and 178:
Chiang MY. 1992. Integrated weed ma
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Pamplona RR, Dingkuhn M, Ampong-Nya
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INTRODUCING INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEM
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Table 1. Changes in weed flora with
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MADA’s extension program The foll
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1. To reduce grass weed infestation
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Surveys of information recall and i
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8. Herbicide use and rice yield in
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25% weed coverage of Echinochloa, w
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BlOHERBlClDES AND WEED MANAGEMENT I
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Many integrated pest management (IP
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success of Collego® against Aeschy
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ange need not be excluded as it may
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themselves; a good deal of the rese
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view, laboratory-produced inoculum
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etter chance for their acceptance (
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Dorschner KP. 1983. Regulatory, env
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Soerjani M. 1988. Current trends in
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GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF RICE FOR WEE
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TOLERANCE FOR ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS
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The genes coded for herbicide resis
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Jennings PR, Herrera RM. 1968. Stud
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1. Biotechnology tools for use in s
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taining potentially useful alien ge
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farmers will be able to select safe
Page 231 and 232:
Datta SK, Datta K, Soltanifar N, Do
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IDENTIFYING ALLELOPATHY IN RICE GER
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Test 2. The efficacy of 38 rice acc
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Table 1. Origin and characteristics
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Test 3. No significant differences
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Table 6. Reduction in weed root dry
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Schreiber MM, Williams JL Jr. 1967.
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ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL INFLUENC
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severe the weed infestation, the mo
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One of the main difficulties associ
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with herbicides will increase with
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Moody K. 1992. Weed management in w
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WEED MANAGEMENT IN IRRIGATED RICE C
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Table 2. Main herbicides registered
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Table 3. Main herbicides used in Ja
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CHANGES IN WEED COMMUNITIES The ser
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WEED MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS Pre
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To prevent overapplication of chemi
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and research institutions might fol
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Development of resistance The evolu
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Cooperation The development of new
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equire regulations and restrictions
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CITED REFERENCES Altieri MA. 1994.
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Weitzman M. 1974. Prices vs. quanti
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Dr. Walter Falcon Institute for Int
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Dr. Pierre Roger Laboratoire ORSTOM
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