EGAS41 - Swansea University

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41 st EGAS PL 5 Gdańsk 2009 Photonic entanglement – from fundamentals to applications and back Anton Zeilinger 1,2,∗ 1 Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3 A-1090 Vienna, Austria 2 Faculty of Physics, <strong>University</strong> of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5 A-1090 Vienna ∗ E-mail: anton.zeilinger@univie.ac.at 42
41 st EGAS PL 6 Gdańsk 2009 Attosecond angular streaking and sub-100-attosecond tunneling ionization dynamics P. Eckle 1 , A.N. Pfeiffer 1 , C. Cirelli 1 , A. Staudte 2 , R. Dörner 3 , H.G. Muller 4 , Ursula Keller 1,∗ 1 Department, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zrich, Switzerland 2 Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada 3 Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 4 FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands ∗ Corresponding author: keller@phys.ethz.ch It is typically assumed that electrons can escape from atoms through tunneling when exposed to strong laser fields, but the timing of the process has been controversial, and far too rapid to probe in detail. We have used attosecond angular streaking [1] to place an upper limit of 34 attoseconds and an intensity-averaged upper limit of 12 attoseconds on the tunneling delay time in strong field ionization of a helium atom in the non-adiabatic tunneling regime [2]. This is the fastest process that has ever been measured. Our experimental results give a strong indication that there is no real tunneling delay time, which is also confirmed with numerical simulations using the time-dependent Schrödiger equation [3]. In attosecond angular streaking we use close to circular polarized, 5.5-fs long, nearinfrared laser pulses with peak intensities ranging from (2.3 to 3.5)×10 14 W/cm2 (corresponding to a Keldysh parameter variation from 1.45 to 1.17) to tunnel-ionize helium atoms and accelerate the free electrons, whose final momentum is then measured with a COLTRIMS apparatus. This final momentum serves as the hand of a clock, revealing at which time the electron exited the tunnel to first experience the acceleration by the laser field. To determine the intensity dependence of a possible tunneling delay time △t D we then fixed the ellipticity to 0.88 and varied the peak intensity from (2.3 to 3.5)×10 14 W/cm2 (corresponding to a Keldysh parameter variation of 1.45 to 1.17). We define the tunneling delay time △t D as the difference between the measured streaking angle and the calculated propagation streaking angle taking into account the angular offset due to the Coulomb potential. We measure a weighted intensity-averaged offset of 6.0 as with a standard deviation of 5.6 as: this results in an intensity-averaged upper limit for the tunneling delay time of 12 as. References [1] P. Eckle et al., Nature Phys. 4, 565-570 (2008) [2] G.L. Yudin, M.Y. Ivanov, Phys. Rev. A 64, 013409 (2001) [3] P. Eckle et al., Science 322, 1525 (2008) 43
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Fluorescence Intensity [arb.un.] 41
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Author Index Abdel-Aty M., 72 Adamo
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