The ecology of eelgrass meadows in the Pacific Northwest: A ...

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Table 13b. (concluded) Resident or Living Feeding Phylum, class, and species scientific name Conanon name transienta Abundance modeC habits d Pleuronichthys coenosus C-O sole -- P. coenosus (Juvenile) C-0 sole Parophrus vetulus Fx~gllsh sole -- P. vetulus (Juvenile) ~nglis'h sole Pla tichvthus stellatus Starrv ~ ~ flounder d - Sand sole a~esident status: R = resident; T = transient: T* or R* = seasonal occurrence; Tk or R4 = life cycle occurrence such as juvenile, larval. b~bundance status: A = abundant, often seen on field trips; C = cononon, present but not always seen on field trips; U = uncmon, present in small numbers and seldom seen. C . . Llvlng mode status: d~eeding kbi ts: N = nekton; S = feeding on or slightly above sediment surface. H = herbivore on eelgrass; C = consunes fauna in eelgrass and eelgrass substrate References: ACOE 1977b; Bayer 1981; Brown 1982: Gardner 1978: Miller (pers. cm., 1982); NOAA/State of Washington Dept. of Ecology 1980; Simenstad and Kinney 1978; Simenstad et al. 1979. Table 13c. List of birds found in eelgrass meadows of the Pacific NortMst, arranged in functional categories. Living Feeding Phylm, class, and species scientific nane Cnnnon nane Abundancea modeb habitsC CHORDATA Ave s -- Gavia imner - G. stellata Mchnophorus occidental is Podiceps aur i tus - P. griseyena - P. niaricollis &td ilynbus pod iceps Phalacrocorax auritus - P. pelagicus Branta canadensis - B.nicla Chen hyperborea Phi lac te canag ica Anas platyrhynchos - A. strepera -- A. crecca -- A. acuta A. clypeata - A. penelope A. mericana zthya val isineria A. marila Chmnn loon Fed- throated loon Western grebe Horned grebe Fed-necked grebe Eared grebe Pied-billed grebe Double-cres ted cormorant Pelagic comrant Canada goose Bran t Snow goose nnperor goose Mallard Gadwall Green-winged teal Pintail Northern shoveler European wigeon American wigeon Canvasback Greater scaup Lesser scaup continued C c c* c c* c U U U U* A-C* A-c U* c* U* A-c c c U* A-c c U* U*
Table 13c. (Continued) Phylun, class, and species scientitic nane - A. collaris Wephala claqula B. islandica - B. albeola *- Histrionicus histrionic\ Melanitta deglandi M. perspicillata M. niqra Zyura ~maicensis - Olor colunbianus Hsrgus merganser - M, serrator Lnpkdytes cacullatu.! Pand ion halbe tus mrdias -.rk-1 ica ~mer rcana Haematoz bac hnani Charadrrus -tus - C. _ a t C. canutus yallinayo -* Larus glaucescens P - L, occidental is L. nu entatus - t. ca I ornlcus - L, delawarensis -- L, canus t. heemanni - L. philadelphia L. thayerl *- -- ~bmnon nane Ring neck duck Gmmon goldeneye Barrow' s galdeneye Buttlekad Harlequin duck White-winged scoter Surt scoter Black scoter Rujdy duck Whistlitq swan OmKKl merganser kd-breasted merganser Wed meffjanser -Prey Wat blue heron herican coot Black oystercatcher Sem ipaltm ted plover Killdeer black-bellied plover frxly-hi1 led curlew Whimbrel Marbled gadwit lack sandpiper Dun1 in &d knot Laast sandpiper Western sadpiper Sirnderl iny !5gmtted sandpiper Wandering tattler Short-billed dowitcher Lony-billed dowitcher Surfbird tbddy turnstone Ellack turns- Greater yellowlegs Lesser yellowleys Northern phalarope u3mnon snipe Glaucous-wiryed gull Western gull Herring gull California gull Ring-billed gull Mew gull Heemnn' s gull mnapar te ' s g ul 1 Thayer's gull
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~~~/0~-84/24 September 1984 THE ECO
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PREFACE Nearly half the population
Page 6 and 7:
CONTENTS PREFACE ..................
Page 8 and 9: FIGURES Number 1 2 ................
Page 10 and 11: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to acknowled
Page 12 and 13: Because eelgrass is a rooted plant,
Page 14 and 15: CHAPTER 1 THE PHYSIOGRAPHIC SETTING
Page 16 and 17: Table 1. Precipitation, temperature
Page 18 and 19: Table 2. Distribution and extent of
Page 20 and 21: Table 2. (Concluded) Extent of mat
Page 22 and 23: CHAPTER 2 THE BIOLOGY OF EELGRASS 2
Page 24 and 25: Table 4. Field observations on eelg
Page 26 and 27: leaves overtopped them and created
Page 28 and 29: 1.0- influence the redox potential
Page 30 and 31: Oxygen There are Little data to ind
Page 32 and 33: enough, increased erosion of bottom
Page 34 and 35: The terms used to describe biomass
Page 36 and 37: estimates are reported on work done
Page 38 and 39: Figure 10. Eelgrass at Blakely Isla
Page 40 and 41: increase in p~), and the sediments
Page 42 and 43: particulate matter and DOM were hig
Page 44 and 45: Table 9. Nutrient content of eelgra
Page 46 and 47: ecause it is dominated by a single
Page 48 and 49: epibenthos, and other components al
Page 50 and 51: shorebirds). From a recent thorough
Page 52 and 53: pink shrimp, and bottom fish (Proct
Page 54 and 55: Table 13 a. (Continued) Phyltnn, cl
Page 56 and 57: Phylum, class, and Resident or Livi
Page 60 and 61: Table 13c. (Concluded) Living Feedi
Page 62 and 63: eelgrass) , while 29 species were f
Page 64 and 65: (239,d9~,9(ii9 kg) (outram and Huln
Page 66 and 67: Washington State Game Dept., pers.
Page 68 and 69: Table 15. Energy in various ccmpart
Page 70 and 71: Export of whole by waterfowl Figure
Page 72 and 73: storms erode and dislodge some eelg
Page 74 and 75: CHAPTER 6 HUMAN IMPACTS-MANAGEMENT
Page 76 and 77: apparent darnazje. IUllzomes and ro
Page 78 and 79: great annual range of water tempera
Page 80 and 81: 1978, for all assumptions, formulat
Page 82 and 83: Table 16. ( CDncluded) Spec ies yea
Page 84 and 85: REFERENCES Rdarns, S.M. 197va. The
Page 86 and 87: seagrass community. Pages 153-162 i
Page 88 and 89: on current flow. Estuarine Coastal
Page 90 and 91: Inst. Agric. Res., Tohoku Univ.: 13
Page 92 and 93: In flvt. seayrasses, l'halassia McR
Page 94 and 95: eelgrass (~ostera marina L. ) Phill
Page 96 and 97: along the Strait of Juan de Fuca. N
Page 98 and 99: diatom assemblages in Netarts Bay,
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