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10.1057/9780230270305 - The Statesman's Year-Book, Edited by John Scott-Keltie 240 THE BRITISH EMPIRE : — CANADA (Toronto 181,220 « | Hamilton 48,980 UlttEU'lO , . - Ottawa 44,151 (.London '11,977 n,,,.),,,,. f Montreal - " •'(.Quebec Nova Scotia . Halifax Now Brunswick St. John Manitoba . Winnipeg /Victoria 16,841 (.Vancouver 13,685 216,650 63,090 38,556 39,179 25,642 ,, . .., ., , , . oritisii oommuia There are no vital statistics collected for the Dominion ; it is therefore impossible to say what is the rate of natural increase of the population. The death rate per 1,000 was as follows in 1891 in the towns named :— Montreal, 28-11'; Toronto, 15-61; Quebec, 41-11; Hamilton, 16-23; Halifax, 20-51 ; Ottawa, 21 -35 ; St. John, N.B., 19-75 ; Winnipeg, 14-66 ; Victoria, B.C., 19'35. As it has been found impossible to collect trustworthy figures, no returns concerning emigration and immigration are now published. A tax of 50 dollars a head is levied on all Chinamen landing at Vancouver, but the number of Chinese immigrants is largely on the increase. Religion. There is no State Church in the whole of British North America. The Church of England is governed by twenty bishops, with about 1,000 clergy ; the Roman Catholic Church by one cardinal, seven archbishops, twenty-three bishops, and about 1,500 clergy ; and the Presbyterian Church in Canada, with about 1,000 ministers—formed in 1875 by the union of two formerly distinct bodies—by presbyteries, synods, and an annual assembly as in the Scotch Church, with 2,358 churches and stations. The Methodists have 1,700 and the Baptists about 500 ministers. All these bodies have one or more divinity schools. The number of members of each religious creed in the Dominion was as follows at the census of April 6, 1891 :— Roman Catholics . Presbyterians Anglicans Methodists . Baptists Lutherans . 1,992,017 . 755,326 . 646,059 . 847,765 . 303,839 63,982 1 Including Pagans Congregationalists . Miscellaneous creeds. No creed stated Total . 28,157 . 106,739 . '89,355 4,833,239 The following shows the numbers of the leading denominations in the several provinces according to the census of 1891 :— Province Roman Catholic Church of England Presbyterian Methodist Baptist Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - Trial Access - PalgraveConnect - 2014-03-13 Ontario Quebec Nova Scotia New Brunswick . Manitoba . British Columbia Prince Edward Island. The Territories . 358,300 1,291,709 122,452 115,961 20,571 20,843 47,837 14,344 385,999 453,147 654,033 75,472 52,673 j 39,544 64,410 108,952 54,195 43,095 ! 40,639 1 35,504 30,852 39,001 28,437 23,619 i 15,284 14,298 6,646 : 33,072 13,596 15,966 12,558 8,158 106,047 7,991 83,122 79,649 16,112 3,098 6,265 1,555 !
10.1057/9780230270305 - The Statesman's Year-Book, Edited by John Scott-Keltie INSTRUCTION—JUSTICE AND CRIME 241 Instruction. All the provinces of the Dominion have one or more universities, and several colleges which prepare for university degrees. There are in all about 16 degree-granting bodies in the Dominion, with about 24 colleges, including denominational, medical, and other special institutions. From special official statistics of these institutions it may be estimated that they are attended by about 13,000 students, and their total annual expenditure is upwards of 700,000 dollars, while the estimated value of their endowments, buildings, land, &c, is over 18,000,000 dollars. The following table gives some information respecting the public, high, and superior schools in the Dominion, the pupils attending them and the amount expended for education :—■ Provinces Ontario . . . . Quebec . . . . Nova Scotia New Brunswick . Manitoba . . . . British Columbia P. E. Island The Territories . Total Year Ended Dec. 81, 1898 June 30,1899 July SI, 1899 June 30, 1899 Dec. 81, 1898 June 30, 1899 June 30,1899 June 30,1899 - [ Schools i ! ! 6,135 5,854 2,410 1,821 1.254 280 468 453 18,725 Teachers 9,827 9,791 2,556 1,957 1,316 461 582 548 27,033 Pupils 504,334 308,570 102,738 64,832 45,819 19,186 21,550 18,801 1,085,329 Expenditure Dollars 4,392,714 1,757,495 814,450 577,219 1,011,868 386,016 167,068 142,455 9,188,785 The number of public schools included in the table was 17,772, with 22,388 teachers and 946,955 pupils, their average attendance being 567,431. If the number of those attending the universities and private schools were added to the above figures, the total number of pupils would be considerably greater. The expenditure for the year on public and high schools, including Government grants, was over 10,000,000 dollars. The supervision of education is under the control of the Governments of the several provinces, and the systems in use vary somewhat, but are all baaed on the principle of free education, the funds being supplied in nearly all the provinces by Government grants and local taxation. In British Columbia and the North-West Territories the schools are supported wholly by Government. Education is more or less compulsory in all the provinces, but the law is not very strictly enforced. In Ontario, Quebec, and the North-West Territories there are separate schools for Roman Catholics; in the other provinces the schools are unsectarian. Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - Trial Access - PalgraveConnect - 2014-03-13 Justice and Crime. There is a Supreme Court in Ottawa, having appellate, civil and criminal jurisdiction in and throughout Canada. There is also an exchequer court,
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